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Module 6-1

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21 views

Module 6-1

Uploaded by

sneha13131jr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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• MODULE 6

• FLOW TRANSDUCERS
CONTENTS:-
• Flow Transducers: Bernoulli’s principle and continuity,
• orifice plate,
• nozzle plate,
• venture tube
• Rota meter,
• anemometers,
• electromagnetic flow meter,
• impeller meter
• turbid flow meter
• Fluids can be compressible or incompressible.
--This is the big difference between liquids and gases
• liquids are generally incompressible, meaning that they don't change
volume much in response to a pressure change
• gases are compressible, and will change volume in response to a
change in pressure.
Orifice plates has two types of weep holes. first one is drain hole, second one is vent
hole. we are using drain hole (weep) in gas process, because of while going the gas
flow with condensate liquid , gas will go to orifice hole and condensate liquid will go
to drain hole (weep). we are using vent hole (weep) in liquid process, because of while
going the liquid flow with gas, liquid will go to orifice hole and qas will go to vent
hole(weep).
Pressure profile & vena contracta
FLOW NOZZLE
Electromagnetic flowmeters: Principle of operation
Electromagnetic flowmeters:
Principle of operation
 By Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction, the voltage, E, induced across a
length, L, of the flowing fluid moving at
velocity, v, in a magnetic field of flux
density, B, is given by:
 E = BLv = B.D.v

 The induced voltage E induced across


the electrodes allows the flow velocity
v to be calculated . (because L is the
distance between the electrodes, which is
the diameter of the tube D, and B is a
known constant.)
 volume flow rate(Qv)=(cross sectiona
area of the tube)x (flow velocity,v)
Electromagnetic flowmeters:
construction
• It consists of a stainless steel cylindrical tube,
fitted with an insulating liner, which carries the
measured fluid.
• Typical lining materials used are Neoprene,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and
polyurethane.
• A magnetic field is created in the tube by placing
mains-energized field coils either side of it, and the
voltage induced in the fluid is measured by two
electrodes inserted into opposite sides of the tube.
• The ends of these electrodes are usually flush with
the inner surface of the cylinder.
• The electrodes are constructed from a material
which is unaffected by most types of flowing
fluid, such as stainless steel, platinum–iridium
alloys, Hastelloy, titanium and tantalum.
• In the case of the rarer metals in this list, the
electrodes account for a significant part of the total
Electromagnetic flow meters:
features
Electromagnetic flowmeters are limited to measuring the volume flow
rate of electrically conductive fluids.

the flowing fluid must be electrically conductive, the method is of use in


many applications and is particularly useful for measuring the flow of
slurries in which the liquid phase is electrically conductive.
Corrosive fluids can be handled providing a suitable lining material is used.

the instrument is expensive both in terms of the initial purchase cost


and also in running costs, mainly due to its electricity consumption.

The internal diameter of magnetic flowmeters is normally the same as that


of the rest of the flow-carrying pipework in the system. Therefore, there is
no obstruction to the fluid flow and consequently no pressure loss
associated with measurement
Hot wire anemometers
• Hot wire resistance transducer
• Non –conducting liquid flow rate measurement.
• Wire filaments (platinum / tungsten ) are used for measurement.

Dimension of the wire


Length of the wire=1/2 (pipe diameter)
Turbine flow meters
Turbine flow meters
Turbine flow meters: working
• A turbine flowmeter consists of a multi-bladed wheel mounted in a pipe
along an axis parallel to the direction of fluid flow in the pipe.

• The fluid impinges on the blades and causes them to rotate at an angular
velocity approximately proportional the volume flow rate of the fluid.

• This rate of rotation measured by constructing the flowmeter behaves as a


variable reluctance tacho generator.

• This is achieved by fabricating the turbine blades from a ferromagnetic


material , and each blade forms a magnetic circuit with the permanent
magnet and coil in the meter housing.
• This gives a variable reluctance tacho generator the voltage induced in
the coil has the form of a sine wave whose frequency is proportional to
the angular velocity of the blades.

• The flowmeter signal E is usually passed through an integrator and a


Schmitt trigger circuit.
• The output is thus a constant amplitude, square wave signal of variable
frequency f which can be successfully transmitted to a remote counter,

f = (mk/2π)Q = KQ,
m is the number of blades
b is the amplitude of the angular variation in magnetic flux.
ROTAMETER

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