CONNECTORS

CONNECTORS

A connector may be used to indicate the relationship between the
ideas expressed in a clause or a sentence.

Connectors enable us to connect words or phrases.

There are a wide range of connectors and each of them has a
different function. Connectors can express:

addition

sequence

Contrast

Illustration

condition

reason

 Como tal
cosa

Y es mas … Por lo tanto

Mientras
tanto
Por tal
Además Por lo tanto
cosa

Posteriormente

Así como
también

If + not

De la misma
manera que De lo contrario

A diferencia de
Muestra el otro lado del problema

Some of the connectors are explained with examples

in the following slides.
 https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/4_WritingSkills/writing_tuts/linking_LL/linking3.html

Sequence
•First / firstly, second / secondly, third / thirdly etc
•Next, last, finally
•In addition, moreover
•Further / furthermore
•Another
•Also
•In conclusion
•To summarise

Result
Result
•So
•As a result
•As a consequence (of)
•Therefore
•Thus
•Consequently
•Hence
•Due to

Emphasis
•Undoubtedly
•Indeed
•Obviously
•Generally
•Admittedly
•In fact
•Particularly / in particular
•Especially
•Clearly
•Importantly
Addition
•And
•In addition / additionally / an additional
•Furthermore
•Also
•Too
•As well as

Reason
•For
•Because
•Since
•As
•Because of

Example
•For example
•For instance
•That is (ie)
•Such as
•Including
•Namely
Contrast
•However
•Nevertheless
•Nonetheless
•Still
•Although / even though
•Though
•But
•Yet
•Despite / in spite of
•In contrast (to) / in comparison
•While
•Whereas A pesar de
•On the other hand
•On the contrary

Comparison
•Similarly
•Likewise
•Also •COMPARISON (la idea
•Like Así como también es igualar la situación 1
•Just as con la situación 2)
•Just like
•Similar to
•Same as
•Compare
•compare(d) to / with
•Not only...but also
Furthermore is similar to in addition. We use furthermore to add
more information to the sentence. .

EXAMPLE:
Reading is a good way to learn
new vocabulary words;
Furthermore, it helps to improve
our ability to spell words correctly.
Moreover is defined as besides, also or in addition to what has
been said.

EXAMPLE:
The rent is reasonable and
moreover, the
environment is so perfect
to live.
The word meanwhile is used to join two clauses together.
It is similar to as and while. It is useful in describing
two things happening at the same time.

EXAMPLE:
Shree's mother went
shopping; meanwhile, Shree
cleaned the house.
We use subsequently to describe something that happened
or existed after the time or event that has just been
referred to.

EXAMPLE:
Newspapers, packages, and
book packets are sorted
separately, and
subsequently put into their
respective bags.
Therefore is very similar to as a result. Something is a fact, and
after thinking about that fact, we can make a conclusion.

EXAMPLE:
Sundar passed his drive test.
Therefore he got his
driving license.
 Consequently is very similar to so and therefore.
It usually appears in the middle of sentence, but it may also be
used at the beginning of sentence.

EXAMPLE:
Elephants have been
hunted for their tusks;
consequently, they have
become an endangered
species in some parts of
the world.
However is a transition word that moves our ideas from one
part of a sentence to another. It is very similar to but. It is
used to show contrasts and differences.

EXAMPLE:
Suresh is so tired ; however, he
is working hard to finish the
project.
Unless is similar to except and but. It can be used as a
conjunction. It is also similar to if+ not.

EXAMPLE:
Unless Radika can eat
healthy food, she won't
keep her body fit and
healthy.
On the other hand is used to show two sides of an issue. It
doesn't always describe an opposite situation.

EXAMPLE:
Living in a cold climate is
difficult for some people;on
the other hand, there are
many fun winter activities,
such as sledding, that you
can't do in a warm
climate.
 Otherwise is used to offer an alternative situation.
It's very similar to or and or else.

EXAMPLE:
I wear my helmet when I
ride my bike; otherwise it
can be dangerous.
Nevertheless is similar to however, yet and even so. We use
nevertheless to present a fact that is in contrast to some
other fact.

EXAMPLE:
Niranjana was very tired,
nevertheless she kept on
doing household chores..
 Similarly is used for showing that two ideas are related or
connected.

EXAMPLE:
You are not allowed to use
your phone here. Similarly,
you have to switch it off
when you’re in the library.
Likewise is defined as in addition, also or in a similar manner.

EXAMPLE:
Mary cleans the kitchen
floor likewise the floor in
the living room.
We use for instance to introduce a particular event,
situation, or person that is an example of what you are
talking about.

EXAMPLE:
When we go camping, we
bring lots of things. For
instance, a fishing rod,
matches, and a sleeping
bag.
We use notably to specify an important or typical example
of something that we are talking about.

EXAMPLE:
This is a notably successful
event.
 Significantly is defined as in an important , sizeable or
meaningful way.

EXAMPLE:
The rate of gold is
significantly reduced today.
 Tips on how to
describe pictures
succesfully
 Tip 1
Scan the picture and identify the topic:

Sometimes there is a tittle or sentence that helps you

 Shopping
Describe, compare, and contrast these pictures

Example:
“In thais worksheet there are two
pictures.
They show different kinds of shops”
 Tip 2
Talk briefly about each of the pictures on
the worksheet:
Locate them withim the worksheet: Say which picture
yoou are going to talk about.

Don´t point at the picture!

 Shopping
Describe, compare, and contrast these pictures

Example:
“The picture at the top…
The picture at the bottom…”
 Tip 2.1
Talk briefly about each of the pictures on
the worksheet:
Describe, compare or contrast the pictures
 Shopping
Describe, compare, and contrast these pictures

Example:
“The picture at the top of the worksheet
shows a small clothes shop.
The picture at the bottom shows a
modern shopping centre.”
 Tip 2.2

To descibe, compare, or contrast the pictures, use

DIFFERENT EXPRESSIONS & LINKING WORDS
 Shopping
Describe, compare, and contrast these pictures

Example:
“In this worksheet there are two
pictures. They show different kinds of
shops.
The picture at the top of the worksheet
shows a small clothes shop.
ON THE OTHER HAND, the picture at
the bottom shows a modern shopping
centre.”
 Tip 3

Talk about the topic

 Tip 4

Develop your ideas

Use linking words to develop and connect your ideas
 Tip 5

Give your opinión on the topic / picture

 Useful expression

In my opinión…
From my point of view…
I think…
I like / don´t like the picture because…
1.- Scan the picture and identify the topic.
2.- Talk briefly about each of the picture.
3.- Talk about the topic.
4.- Develop your ideas.
5.- Give your opinión briefly.
Your Turn
What is in the picture? Where in the picture?

In the picture I can see ... At the top/bottom of the picture ...
There’s / There are ... In the middle of the picture ...
There isn’t a ... / There aren’t any ... On the left/right of the picture ...
next to
in front of
behind
near
Say what is happening with the present on top of
continuous under

The man is ...ing If something isn’t clear

The people are ...ing
It looks like a ...
It’s raining.
It might be a ...
He could be ...ing
Maybe it’s a ...