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Ch4 - Functions

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15 views

Ch4 - Functions

Uploaded by

Murad Demelash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions

Chapter 4
Functions
Functions are blocks of organized, reusable code that perform a
specific task. They provide modularity and abstraction, making
code more readable, maintainable, and easier to debug.
Benefits of using functions
• Encapsulation: Grouping related code together.
• Reusability: Functions can be reused in different parts of the
program.
• Modularity: Breaking down complex tasks into smaller,
manageable components.
• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and focusing on the
functionality.
• Maintainability: Easier to debug and update code.
Defining functions
Functions in Python are defined using the def keyword followed
by the function name and a set of parentheses containing
optional parameters. The body of the function is indented.
E.g. def greet():
print("Hello, world!")

greet()
Passing arguments and returning values
Functions can accept input values called arguments and can also
return output values.
E.g. def add(a, b):
return a + b

result = add(3, 5)
print(result)
Keyword arguments
Keyword arguments allow you to pass arguments to a function
by specifying the parameter name along with the value.
E.g. def greet(name, message):
print(“Hello“, name, message)

greet(message="How are you?”, name=“James")


Variable scope
Variable scope refers to the accessibility of variables within a
program. In Python, variables can have global or local scope.
E.g. x = 10
def my_func():
y = 5
print(x)
print(y)
my_func()
Default values
Default values allow you to specify a default argument for a
function parameter if no value is provided during the function call.
E.g. def greet(name="Guest"):
print(“Hello”, name)

greet()
greet(“James")
Recursive functions
A recursive function is a function that calls itself during its execution. It allows
solving problems by breaking them down into smaller, similar subproblems.
E.g. def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n-1)

result = factorial(5)
print(result)
Functions example 1
Write a python function that takes in a number as input and
calculates and returns the square of the number.
Functions example 2
Write a python function that takes in a base and an exponent as
input and returns the base to the power of the exponent.
Functions example 3
Write a python function that takes a number as input and checks
if it’s a perfect number.

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