PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES

• Lecturer : M Shabiyemba
• Email: [email protected]
• Cell: 0969796822
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WHAT ARE THEY?
Programmable logic devices are integrated circuits, they
contain a large number of flip flops and also an array of
AND gates and OR gates. The process of entering the
information into these devices is known as programming
and is based on the hardware part.
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INTRODUCTION
PLDs are ICs that contain large numbers of gates, flip-flops, etc. that
can be configured by the user to perform different functions. They
permit elaborate digital logic designs to be implemented by the user on
a single device. The internal logic gates and OR connections of PLDs
can be changed/configured by a programming process in the sense of
electronics, logic means that the circuit works using only two voltage
levels - high and low (or on/off, true/false or 1/0). These voltage levels
are sometimes called logic levels and digital circuits use only these
logic levels to represent information.
 TYPES OF PLDS
 Simple programmable logic devices.
 Complex programmable devices.
 Field programmable devices.
 SPLD

Simple programmable logic devices (SPDL) are the simplest, smallest, and least expensive
form of programmable logic devices. SPLD’s can be used in boards to replace standard
logic components which are AND, OR, and NOT gates.
Examples of SPLDs
 Programmable array logic(PALs).
 Programmable read only memory(PROM).
PALs have one time programmable array in which fuses are permanantely blown,creating
the product terms in an AND array. PALs are programmed with a specialized programmer
that
blows selected internal fuse links. After blowing the fuses,
the array represents the Boolean logic expression for the
desired circuit.
The figure below shows the connection map of PAL device:

Since both W and X have

two product terms, third
gate is not used. If all the
inputs to this AND gate
are left intact, then the
output will always be null,
because it receives both
true compliment of each
input variable i.e, AA’ =0.
The figure below shows the connection map of PROM device:

Note: the OR connections

are not programmable,
while the AND matrix are
fixed.
 A LEVEL SENSOR IS A A COLOR SENSOR IS A TYPE
GYROSCOPES, OR GYROS, DEVICE THAT IS DESIGNED OF "PHOTOELECTRIC
ARE DEVICES THAT TO MONITOR, MAINTAIN, SENSOR" WHICH EMITS
MEASURE OR MAINTAIN AND MEASURE LIQUID (AND LIGHT FROM A
ROTATIONAL MOTION. SOMETIMES SOLID) LEVELS. TRANSMITTER, AND THEN
DETECTS THE LIGHT
REFLECTED BACK FROM
THE DETECTION OBJECT
WITH A RECEIVER.
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SPLD DIAGRAM
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SPLD
Advantages:
 Low development cost
 Less power requirement
 Less design time.
Disadvantages:
 Large power requirement
 Lack of security
Additional power, cost, space requirements
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SPLD APPLICATIONS:
• They are commonly used in digital electronics to implement complex logic functions, such
as state machines, controllers, and data processing circuits.
 CPLDS
 Complex programmable logic device.
This is an arrangement of many simple PLDs like blocks on a single
chip. This circuit block might either be PLA like or PAL like blocks.
CPLD has two levels of programmability; each PLD block can be
programmed, and then the interconnections between the PLDs can be
programmed.
Applications:
 Motor phase interlock
 Micro controllers
 Micro processors
INTERLOCKS ARE DEFINED A MICROCONTROLLER IS A MICROPROCESSOR IS AN
AS A WAY TO PREVENT EMBEDDED INSIDE OF A IC THAT EXECUTES
SOMETHING FROM SYSTEM TO CONTROL A ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL
HAPPENING IN A SYSTEM. SINGULAR FUNCTION IN A FUNCTIONS THAT ARE
DEVICE. DEFINED BY A PROGRAM
INSIDE THE SYSTEM.
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CPLD DIAGRAM
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CPLD
Advantages:
 Lower body area: they have high level of integration.

 They are used in wide applications for prototyping small gate

arrays

 They are reliable.

Disadvantages:
 They can be expensive
 Its more complex than SPLDs
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CPLD APPLICATIONS:
 CPLD can be used as bootloaders for FPGAs and other programmable systems.
 Generally, these are used in small design application like address decoding.
 CPLDs are also used in safety critical control applications.
 CPLDs are ideal for use in portable and handheld digital devices due to their small size
and lower power consumption
 FPLDS
 Field programmable logic device.
Is an electronic device or embedded system that is said to be field-
programmable or in-place programmable if its firmware (stored in
non-volatile memory, such as ROM) can be modified "in the field,"
without disassembling the device or returning it to its manufacture.
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FPLD DIAGRAM
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FPLD
Advantages:
 less board space
 lower power requirement (smaller power supplies)
 Higher reliability (fewer IC’s and circuits connection means easier
troubleshooting .
Disadvantages:
 Lack of security
 Large power requirement
 Not flexible in terms of integrating analogue boxes .
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FPLD APPLICATIONS:
 Programmable interconnects

All of the unique connections between logic cells located in different logic blocks are
present in this area of the field programmable gate arrays. Switch boxes that contain
several basic semiconductor switches are commonly used to implement the interconnect.
These electrically programmable linkages provide the routing pathway for these
programmable logic blocks.
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 Configurable logic blocks

A field programmable gate array’s fundamental building block is a CLB.

It’s a logic cell that can be set up or programmed to carry out particular
tasks. The connection block is joined to these building blocks. These
components include carry and control logic, transistor pairs, and look-up
tables (LUTs). They perform the logic operations needed by design.
 TYPES OF PLDS

A programmable read only memory is a device that includes both the AND plane and OR plane within a
single IC package. Out of these two arrays, the AND plane is fixed and OR plane is programmable. The
PROM is a blank Read Only Memory. It is developed as a blank memory that is later programmed. This
type of memory is kept empty while manufacturing, and one can program it using an exclusive device
called a programmer. You can buy it and then program it once. It is a non-volatile storage device or
computer memory accessory that keeps the contents or data saved even after your computer has been
turned off.
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Examples:
MROM (masked read-only memory), PROM (programmable read only
memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory), EEPROM
(electrically erasable programmable read only memory), and Flash Memory.

Applications:
 Mobile Phones
 Video game consoles
 TV Remote
 Early Computer Bios
CONCLUSION
Unlike digital logic constructed using discrete logic gates with
fixed functions, a PLD has an undefined function at the time of
manufacturing. Before the PLD can be used in a circuit it must
be programmed to implement the desired function. Compared to
fixed logic devices, programmable logic devices simplify the
design of complex logic and may offer superior performance.