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Lesson 2

Lesson Horti 11

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Marife Culaba
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79 views

Lesson 2

Lesson Horti 11

Uploaded by

Marife Culaba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERFORM DIRECT PLANTING OF

VEGETABLE CROPS

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Planting - the placing of propagating materials
like seeds or vegetative parts of the plants on the
soil or at the bottom of the furrows, and covering
them subsequently with soil
Plant Density - the number of plants per square
area
Direct Planting/Sowing

Planting means the placing of propagating


materials, either seeds or vegetative parts of
plants (seeds, cuttings, tubers, rhizomes,
clones), on the soil or at the bottom of the
furrows, and then usually covering them
subsequently with soil.
Direct Planting/Sowing

Sowing is the most important operation in crop


production. The seed must be deposited at a
required depth, i.e. moist zone of soil so as to
get optimum condition for its germination.
Sowing is also the placing of specified quantity
of seeds in soil in the optimum position for its
germination and growth.
Too shallow sowing results in thin germination
due to inadequate soil moisture at top soil layer.
Similarly, if the seeds are sown very deeply into
the soil, the young seedlings may not be able to
push their shoots above, through thick soil layer.
Seed must be sown at proper depth and
should be properly covered with soil so as to
get adequate moisture for its germination. Seeds
are sown either directly in the field or in nurseries
where they are raised and then transplanted later.
Generally, large seeds are planted directly in the
ground or in garden plots or in the field. Some
vegetable crops do not need special care and are
planted directly in the ground. Some of these
plants are:
• legumes like mongo, beans, cowpeas
• vegetable fruit crops like okra, squash, upo,
patola
• root crops radish and carrots.
Parts of Plants Directly Planted in
the Ground

1. Seeds
2. Cuttings
Cuttings are pieces of stems placed
under suitable conditions which will
produce new plants.
Points to consider in selecting
cuttings:

• The cuttings should be taken from sturdy plants.


• They should come from productive plants
planted in productive land.
• They should be free from diseases and insect
pests.
• They should be stocky and uniform in size.
Kinds of Cuttings:

• Root cuttings like rimas


• Stem cuttings like camote
• Node cuttings like kangkong
Planting Cuttings

• Plant only one cutting to a hill.


• Plant cuttings in slanting position.
3. Underground runners
The underground section of the plant
is used for planting materials. The
runners or suckers are clipped off from
the parent plants and then planted to
the field before they get dry. They are
usually set in ridges and rows.
Examples of these crops are
arrowroots, ginger, taro, and gabi.
4. Bulb
The bulb portion of the plant is used as a
planting material. One example is garlic.
5. Root and tuber
Some crops are best propagated or
planted by the sections of the roots or
tubers. The root or tuber is cut into halves
or quarters, each section of which should
have two or three alive buds or “eyes.”
Methods of Direct Planting

1. By machine
Most commercial gardeners plant seeds with
machine planters or seed drillers and the likes.
Machines do the work much better and more
rapidly than by hand sowing. The common seed
drillers open the furrow, drop the seeds, cover
them, and pack the soil at one operation. These
drillers can be regulated to sow at various rates
and at the depth desired.
2. Sowing seeds by hand
Planting seeds by hand is commonly
practiced in home gardens and in not
too wide field. The seeds should be
distributed uniformly in the furrow and
covered immediately to prevent loss of
moisture and to bring the seed into
close contact with the soil.
The methods of planting seeds by
hand are:

1. Hill planting. This is commonly done by having


3 to 4 seeds per hill.
2. Broadcast method. This means scattering
seeds uniformly by hand all over a well prepared
field and then covering the seeds with soil
through the help of light implement or plank.
Advantages of broadcasting over the
other methods:

• It is a quicker and cheaper method as far as


cost of labor in planting is concerned.
• Implements are not required for sowing.
• Skilled labor is not required for sowing.
• It can be done in moist condition.
Disadvantages:

• It requires more seed per unit area.


• The seeds fall at different depth resulting in uneven and
guppy plant stand as shallow-sown seed may not germinate
due to adverse moisture condition, and germination of deep-
sown seed may have adverse effects due to depth.
• Inter culture operation is difficult as spacing is not
maintained.
• Uneven distribution of seed and hence crop growth resulting
in excess competition at certain area and no competition at
some areas
• Loss of seeds by birds and insects if it is not properly covered
with soil.
3. Drill /line/furrow sowing
Sowing of seeds in a line on a large scale is
generally done with the help of sowing
implement such as seed drill or fermium seed
drill called drilling. Drilling seeds is done
continuously in rows or in lines/furrows at regular
interval. This method is adopted for pure
cropping or intercropping. In addition to this,
ferti-seed drill is also used, where fertilizer and
seeds are sown simultaneously at desired depth
of soil.
Advantages of drill or line/furrow
sowing:

• Seedplacement is done at proper and uniform


depth resulting into uniform germination.
• Seed rate requires less as compared to broadcast
method.
• It avoids over crowding of seedling and maintains
uniform spacing between two rows.
• Cultivation is carried out easily.
• Sowing depth can be adjusted in order to place
the seed at moist zone.
Disadvantages:

•It requires seed drill for sowing, hence


it is costly than broadcast method.
•A skilled person is required to carry
out sowing operation, if not the seeds
are not sown properly which may
cause uneven germination and
ultimately poor stand of crops.
Rate of Planting

Among the factors to be considered with regard to the quantity of


seeds to plant are:

• The viability of the seeds. Seeds known to be low in viability


should be planted more thickly than those having high viability.
Seeds held over from one year to the next planting season
should be tested for germination. If the percentage of
germination is low or if the sprouts are weak, the seeds should
not be planted.
• The condition of the soil. When the soil and weather
conditions are unfavorable, more seeds should be planted than
when the conditions are favorable.
• The size and vigor of the plants. Seeds that
produce delicate and weak plants, such as
carrots, should be planted quite thickly to ensure
a good stand. Any excess of plants may be
removed to prevent crowding.
• The possible ravages of insects. In planting
seeds, it is a common practice to plant freely in
order to have several times as many plants that
are needed. Later on, you can practice thinning if
you found out that your plants are crowding.
Depth of Planting

• In places where there is heavy rainfall, seeds


should be planted shallow for if planted deeply
into the soil during the rainy season, the seeds
will decay. As a rule, seeds should be at a depth
at which the seeds will be able to come out well
of the ground before the reserved food in the
seed becomes fully consumed and at the same
time afford enough anchorage to the roots. Size
of seeds partly determines the depth at which
they are to be planted.
SELF-CHECK
I. Classify the plant parts below according to how they
could be directly planted, either by seeds, cuttings,
underground runners, bulb or root, and tuber. Write your
answers in your test notebook.
1. beans
2. camote
3. ginger
4. garlic
5. gabi
II. What are the methods of direct
planting?
III. What are the considerations in direct
planting seeds?

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