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Facortspssanalysis Multivariate Data

Factor Analysis (FA) and principal components analysis (PCA) are methods of data reduction. They Take many variables and explain them with a few 3factors' or 3components' Patterns of correlations are identified and either used as descriptives (PCA), or as indicative of underlying theory (FA) the two questions that a good solution should try to answer are "How many components (factors) are needed to represent the variables?" and "What do these components represent?"

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Gurudas Nulkar
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14 views

Facortspssanalysis Multivariate Data

Factor Analysis (FA) and principal components analysis (PCA) are methods of data reduction. They Take many variables and explain them with a few 3factors' or 3components' Patterns of correlations are identified and either used as descriptives (PCA), or as indicative of underlying theory (FA) the two questions that a good solution should try to answer are "How many components (factors) are needed to represent the variables?" and "What do these components represent?"

Uploaded by

Gurudas Nulkar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Factor Analysis

Sayeed Unisa

What is Factor Analysis (FA)?


FA and PCA (principal components analysis) are methods of data reduction


Take many variables and explain them with a few factors or components  Correlated variables are grouped together and separated from other variables with low or no correlation


What is FA?
Patterns of correlations are identified and either used as descriptives (PCA) or as indicative of underlying theory (FA) Process of providing an operational definition for latent construct (through regression equation)

The Factor Analysis procedure has several extraction methods for constructing a solution.

The principal components method of extraction begins by finding a linear combination of variables (a component) that accounts for as much variation in the original variables as possible. It then finds another component that accounts for as much of the remaining variation as possible and is uncorrelated with the previous component, continuing in this way until there are as many components as original variables.

With any extraction method.


The two questions that a good solution should try to answer are "How many components (factors) are needed to represent the variables?" and "What do these components represent?"

General Steps to FA
Step 1: Selecting and Measuring a set of variables in a given domain Step 2: Data screening in order to prepare the correlation matrix Step 3: Factor Extraction Step 4: Factor Rotation to increase interpretability Step 5: Interpretation Further Steps: Validation and Reliability of the measures

Good Factor

A good factor:
Makes sense  Will be easy to interpret  Simple structure  Lacks complex loadings


Terminology

Factor Coefficient matrix coefficients used to calculate factor scores (like regression coefficients)

FA vs. PCA conceptually


FA produces factors; PCA produces components Factors cause variables; components are aggregates of the variables

Conceptual FA and PCA


FA PCA

I1

I2

I3

I1

I2

I3

FA vs. PCA conceptually


FA analyzes only the variance shared among the variables (common variance without error or unique variance); PCA analyzes all of the variance FA: What are the underlying processes that could produce these correlations?; PCA: Just summarize empirical associations, very data driven

Questions
Three general goals: data reduction, describe relationships and test theories about relationships (next chapter) How many interpretable factors exist in the data? or How many factors are needed to summarize the pattern of correlations?

Questions
Which factors account for the most variance? How well does the factor structure fit a given theory? What would each subjects score be if they could be measured directly on the factors?

To run a principal components factor analysis, from the menus choose: Analyze Data Reduction Factor... Select Vehicle type through Fuel efficiency as analysis variables. Click Extraction. Select Scree plot. Click Continue. Click Rotation in the Factor Analysis dialog box. Select Varimax in the Method group. Click Continue. Click Scores in the Factor Analysis dialog box. Select Save as variables and Display factor score coefficient matrix. Click Continue. Click OK in the Factor Analysis dialog box

FACTOR /VARIABLES ANC1tr ANC3 TT IFA compService INSTDEL DELcomp Postdelcom BCG DPT3 Polio3 Measles MMP /MISSING LISTWISE /ANALYSIS ANC1tr ANC3 TT IFA compService INSTDEL DELcomp Postdelcom Colostrum BCG DPT3 Polio3 Measles MMP /PRINT INITIAL KMO EXTRACTION ROTATION FSCORE /PLOT EIGEN ROTATION /CRITERIA MINEIGEN(1) ITERATE(25) /EXTRACTION PC /CRITERIA ITERATE(25) /ROTATION VARIMAX /SAVE REG(ALL) /METHOD=CORRELATION .

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