DEVELOPING THE

WHOLE PERSON
CHAPTER 3:
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Start
 LESSON
OBJECTIVES:
• Discuss the relationship among physiological,
cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and social
development to understand his or her thoughts,
feelings and behavior.
• Evaluate his or her thoughts, feelings and
behavior,
• Show the connectio n bet wee n thoughts ,
feelings and behaviors in actual life situations.
What aspect did you
find difficult to
answer?
 How does each
aspect influence
to each other?
Why is it important
to know yourself
better?
 WHAT IS HOLISTIC
• DEVELOPMENT?
It is where all aspects are in balanced, work harmoniously
and are given equal attention or importance for
improvement
• A holistic development is not an overnight project but
instead it must be seen as a lifelong project a person has to
undertake.
• Focuses on the “whole person”, emphasizing the complete
aspects or totality of an individual.
• Perceiving a person as a “whole organism” involves
considering all dimensions of their being, not just individual
 PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES
• Dualism (Mind-Body Dualism of
Descartes)
- Introduced by Rene Descartes, a
modern philosopher.
• Duality
- refers to understanding the nature of
things in a simple, two-part mode.
 PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES
• Examples:
- Mind and Body in human sciences.
- Body and Spirit in Western religion.
- Gender categorization (male-female),
-yin and yang in Eastern thought.
- Western culture often emphasizes either-or,
black-white* characteristics.
- Eastern philosophy views dual forces as dynamic,
interconnected, and not existing in pure forms.
• HOLISM
- Concept introduced by Jan C. Smuts in his
1926 book "Holism and Evolution."

- Defined as the tendency in nature to form

wholes greater than the sum of the parts
through creative evolution.
• GESTALT THEORY
- Developed by German philosopher Christian
von Ehrenfels and later psychologists Max
Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler.
- Describes something as more than the sum of its
parts.
- Merriam-Webster: "Something made of many
parts that is somehow more than or different from the
combination of its parts."
• Examples of Holism and Gestalt
- Music (Symphony)
 A symphony cannot be defined by a single
note or even a collection of notes.
 The interaction and fusion of notes create
something greater than the individual parts.
• Examples of Holism and Gestalt
- Car
 A car is made up of hundreds of parts that
individually don't represent the car.
 Together, these parts create a new entity
“the car” that is different from the sum of
its parts.
 • Examples of Holism and Gestalt
-Holistic Perspective on Humans
-

 In understanding humans, it is essential to

see the person in their “entirety” rather than
just focusing on individual parts.
 The Various
Aspects of
Holistic
Development of
 Five Key Aspects of Holistic Development
• Physiological or the physical attributes including the five physical senses;
• Cognitive or the intellectual functions of the mind: thinking, recognizing,
reasoning, analyzing, projecting, synthesizing, recalling, and assessing;
• Psychological or how thinking, feeling, and behaving interact and happen in a
person;
• Social or the manner by which an individual interacts with other individuals or
groups of individuals;
• Spiritual or the attribute of a person's consciousness and beliefs, including the
values and virtues that guide and put meaning into a person's life.
BASIC DRIVES &
AFFECT
• Basic Human Drives:
- Biologically related drives such as hunger
and thirst.
- Affect encompasses emotional
experiences, including emotions, moods,
and affective traits (Feist & Rosenberg, 2012).
 Feelings & Emotions
 Paul Ekman's Six Basic Emotions:
- Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust.
 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology
(2014) Findings: Four basic emotions:
-Happy, sad, afraid/surprised,angry/disgusted.
 • Origin of the Term 'Emotion'
- Derived from Latin "movare" meaning to
move or be upset/agitated.
- Smith (1973) defines emotion as a term
referring to variations in arousal, affective state,
mood, expressive movements, and attitudes.
 • Physical Responses to Strong Emotion
- Faster heartbeat, profuse sweating, dilation
of eye pupils, higher blood pressure, muscular
tremors.
- Affects the nervous system generally.
 • Distinction Between Feelings and
Emotions
 Dr. Antonio R. Damasio's View (2005)
- Feelings arise from the brain interpreting
emotions.
- Emotions are caused by physical
sensations due to external stimuli.
 Example:
Emotion of fear produces the
feeling of fear.
 Attitudes & Behavior
• Attitudes
 Thoughts, feelings, and emotions about a
person, object, idea, behavior, or situation.
 Result from personal evaluations based on
values and belief systems.
 Attitudes & Behavior
• Behavior as a Manifestation of Attitudes
 Behavior reflects an individual’s attitude.

Example: Riding an overcrowded MRT can

create an unfavorable attitude towards the
experience.
 Negative attitude leads to behaviors such
as:
- Avoiding the MRT.
- Becoming indifferent or shutting down.
- Displaying aggressive or unpleasant
behavior towards others.
 Virtues & Values
• Values are usually nouns, while virtues are
adjectives that describe positive and desirable
qualities which usually mirror a value it
represents.
 Virtues & Values
Shalom H. Schwartz, a psychologist and cross-cultural researcher from
the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, conducted a research which covered
many different peoples and cultures to identify the ten common values
people have regardless of their racial and cultural backgrounds.

Schwartz wrote in his report, Basic Human Values: Theories, Methods

and Applications, the findings of his research, which identified the ten basic
values that can be characterized by describing their central motivational
goals. These ten basic values are:
 TEN BASIC
VALUES
1.Self-Direction 2.Stimulation 3. Hedonism
- -
independent excitement,
- pleasure and
thought and novelty, sensuous
action; choosing, and gratification
creating, and challenge in for oneself
exploring life
 TEN BASIC
4.
VALUES5. Power 6. Security
Achievement
- - -
personal success social status safety,
through and harmony, and
demons- trating prestige, and stability of
competence control or society, of
according to dominance relationships,
social standards over people and of self
and
resources
 TEN BASIC
7. VALUES
Conformity 8. Tradition
- -
restraint of respect,
actions, commitme
inclinations, and nt, and
im- pulses that acceptanc
are likely to e of the
upset or harm customs
others and vio- and ideas
late social that
 TEN BASIC
9. VALUES
Benevolence 10. Universalism
- -
preserving and understanding,
enhancing the welfare appreciation,
of those with whom tolerance, and
one is in frequent protection for
personal
contact (the in- the welfare of all
group') people andof
nature
The motivational goals that
characterize the ten values he
identified were:
OPENNESS TO CHANGE SELF-TRANSCENDENCE

SELF-ENHANCEMENT CONSERVATION
 Values are the principles or standards that we
each carry through our lives and that guide and
inform our thoughts, attitudes and actions. They
influence, and are influenced by, our experience of the
society in which we each l ive . Our value s help
deter min e what i s important to us and shape how
we interact with other people and the more-than-
human world.
THANK YOU!