PARENTING STYLES

Presented By Muaz Al-Jarhi

OVERVIEW
Definition of Parenting Style The different Parenting Styles The outcomes/effects of each parenting style on children Differences between the outcomes of parenting styles Summary

DEFINITION

Parenting Styles refer to the general strategies that parents uses to their children

PARENTING STYLES
During the early 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrind, 1967). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting: Disciplinary strategies Warmth and nurturance Communication styles Expectations of maturity and control Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby & Martin, 1983).

FOUR PARENTING STYLES

Authoritarian Parenting Authoritative Parenting Permissive or indulgent Parenting Uninvolved or Neglectful Parenting

AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING
In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents expect much of their child but generally do not explain the reasoning beyond the rules or boundaries. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, "Because I said so." These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their childrens needs and are more likely to spank a child rather than discuss the problem.

AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING

Like authoritarian parents, those with an authoritative parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions. They can understand their childrens feelings and teach them how to regulate them. They set limits and demand maturity but when children fail to meet the expectations, these parents will be more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing and they will explain their motives for their punishment and how to avoid landing in the same mistake again.

PERMISSIVE PARENTING

Permissive or indulgent parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and selfcontrol Permissive parents are generally nurturing and accepting, and are very responsive to the child's needs and wishes. Permissive parents do not require children to regulate themselves or behave appropriately. This may result in creating spoiled brats as children most often get what they want.

UNINVOLVED PARENTING
An uninvolved or neglectful parenting style is characterized by few demands, low responsiveness and little communication. They are low in warmth and control, are generally not involved in their child's life and do not set limits. While these parents fulfill the child's basic needs, they are generally detached from their child's life. In extreme cases, these parents may even reject or neglect the needs of their children.

EFFECTS OF AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING

Children of Authoritarian Parents Tend to be: Obedient Proficient Miserable Low in self-esteem Lacing initiative Dependent on others Lacking in social skills and altruistic behaviors Coercive in dealing with others Defiant

EFFECTS OF AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING

Children of Authoritative Parents Tend to be: Happy Capable Successful Self-confident Curious Respectful of others Sociable

EFFECTS OF PERMISSIVE PARENTING

Children of Permissive Parents Tend to be: unhappy Selfish Unmotivated Unsuccessful Dependent on others Demanding of attention Disobedient Impulsive

EFFECTS OF UNINVOLVED PARENTING

Low in self-control Low in self-esteem Incompetent Disobedient Demanding Low in tolerance for frustration Lacking long-term goals

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES OUCOMES

Research has proven that authoritative parenting is most effective form of parenting and is the most recommended style of parenting by child raising experts. Children tend to develop higher self-esteem and independence, and this will carry over into their adult life. Authoritarian parenting on the other hand may result in children having low social competence. and are also more likely to experience a nervous breakdown, become runaways, or otherwise rebel against their parents

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES OUCOMES

Children of permissive parents may become impulsive and in their teenage years even reckless. They are more likely to engage in misconduct, become drug users and thrill seekers. Uninvolved parenting style is worst form of parenting style and children of this parenting style often become independent, have difficulty with social situations and may show patterns of truancy and delinquency. Combinations of parenting styles can also be formed from the individual parents of the family. Though, in order to create a cohesive approach to parenting it is important that parents learn to cooperate as they combine the various elements of their unique parenting styles

SUMMARY

Definition of Parenting Style Explained the different Parenting Styles How the children tend to be with each of the Parenting Styles What are the differences between the effects and outcomes of each parenting style.

THE END

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REFRENCES

Baumrind, D. (1967). Child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43-88. Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95. Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parentchild interaction. In P. H. Mussen & E. M. Hetherington, Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed.). New York: Wiley. Maccoby, E.E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006-1017.