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8086

The document describes the features and architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It discusses the 8086's 16-bit architecture, registers, addressing modes, programmer's model, execution unit, and bus interface unit. Key points include that the 8086 has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, 14 16-bit registers, and supports various addressing modes like immediate, register, direct, indexed, based indexed, based relative, and based indexed plus relative addressing.

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Faisal Ali
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79 views

8086

The document describes the features and architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It discusses the 8086's 16-bit architecture, registers, addressing modes, programmer's model, execution unit, and bus interface unit. Key points include that the 8086 has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, 14 16-bit registers, and supports various addressing modes like immediate, register, direct, indexed, based indexed, based relative, and based indexed plus relative addressing.

Uploaded by

Faisal Ali
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8086 MICROPROCESSOR

8086 FEATURES
8086 is a 16-bit processor 16-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit 16-bit data bus 20-bit address bus - 220 = 1,048,576 = 1 Mb So it can directly access 1,048,576 memory locations. Each of these locations are a byte wide. Therefore 16 bit words are stored in two consecutive memory locations.

8086 FEATURES
It provides fourteen 16-bit registers. A powerful set of registers. It can generate 16-bit I/O addresses, hence can access 216 = 65,536 I/O ports. Clock rates: 5 MHZ for 8086 8 MHz for 8086 2 10 MHz for 8086 1

8086-ARCHITECTURE

BIU-Bus Interface Unit


It is the 8086 s interface to the outside world The BIU fetches instructions, reads and writes data, and computes the 20-bit address. The BIU contains the following registers: IP - the Instruction Pointer CS - the Code Segment Register DS - the Data Segment Register SS - the Stack Segment Register ES - the Extra Segment Register

BIU
Functions: It sends address of the memory or I/O It fetches instruction from memory It reads data from port/memory It writes data from port/memory It supports instruction queuing.

EU-Execution Unit
This unit tells the BIU from where to fetch the instructions or data, decodes instructions and executes instructions. It contains: Control unit Instruction decoder ALU Flag registers General purpose registers Pointers and Index registers

EU
The EU contains the following registers: AX The Accumulator BX The Base register CX The Count register DX The Data register SP- The Stack Pointer BP The Base Pointer SI The Source Index DI The Destination Index

REGISTER ORGANIZATION
General purpose registers - AX,BX,CX,DX Segment registers -CS,DS,SS,ES Pointers and Index registers
SP,BP,IP and SI,DI

Flag registers - CF,AC,PF,SF,ZF,OVF

8086-PROGRAMMER S MODEL-16 BIT REGISTERS


BIU registers (20 bit adder)

ES CS SS DS IP AX BX CX DX AH BH CH DH SP BP SI DI FLAGS AL BL CL DL

Extra Segment Code Segment Stack Segment Data Segment Instruction Pointer Accumulator Base Register Count Register Data Register Stack Pointer Base Pointer Source Index Register Destination Index Register

EU registers 16 bit arithmetic

Arithmetic and logical instructions


After arithmetic and logical operations, the results are stored in the destination registers.

Exercise
Determine the contents of the status flags after the execution of the following: a) MOV BX, 65D1H MOV AX, 2359H ADD BX, AX b) MOV BL, 96H MOV AL, BCH SUB AL, BL

Addressing Modes
Addressing Modes which are common to 8085 processor. Immediate Addressing Mode. Register Addressing Mode. Direct addressing Mode. Register Indirect Addressing Mode.

Immediate Addressing Mode


MOV AL,10H MOV AX,0AC8H

MOV AH,4CH

MOV DX,1000H

Register Addressing Mode


MOV AL,BL MOV AX,BX

Direct addressing Mode


MOV DX,[1000H]

Register Indirect Addressing Mode


MOV AL,[BX] MOV AX,[BX]

Exercise
Identify the addressing mode used for the source and the destination operands in the following 8086 microprocessor instructions: 1. MOV AL, BL 2. MOV AL, 20H 3. MOV AL,[3000H] 4. MOV BX, [CX] 5. MOV CL, BL 6. MOV AX, 1234H 7.MOV CL,BL 8. MOV CL, [9823H] 9. MOV CX, 4567H 10. MOV DX, [AX]

Addressing Modes
Addressing modes which are new to 8086 processor. Indexed Addressing Mode Based Indexed Addressing Modes Based Relative Addressing Mode Based Index Plus Relative Addressing Mode

Indexed Addressing Mode


MOV AL,[SI] MOV AX,[DI]

Based Indexed Addressing Mode


This is similar to indirect addressing mode as it indirectly addresses memory data. This is Base + Index This addressing mode uses one base register (BP or BX) and one index register (DI or SI) to indirectly address the memory.

Based Indexed Addressing Mode


The base register holds the beginning location of a memory array, while the index register holds the relative position of an element in the array. Whenever BP addresses the memory data, the contents of stack segment, BP and index register are used to generate the physical address.

Based Indexed Addressing Modes


MOV AL,[BX + SI] MOV AL, [BP + SI]

MOV AX,[BX +DI]

MOV AX,[ BP + DI]

Based Relative Addressing Mode or Based Displacement Addressing Mode


This is similar to Base + Index. But here it is Base + Displacement. This addressing mode uses one base register (BP or BX) or one index register (DI or SI) to indirectly address the memory.

Based Relative Addressing Mode or Based Displacement Addressing Mode


Here the data in a segment of memory is addressed by adding the displacement to the contents of a base or an index register (BP, BX, DI or SI). The displacement can be any 8-bit number or 16-bit number.

Based Relative Addressing Mode


MOV AL,[BX + DISP] MOV AX,[BX + DISP]

Based Index Plus Relative Addressing Mode


Here it is Base + Index + Displacement. This addressing mode uses one base register (BP or BX) and one index register (DI or SI) and displacement to generate a physical address of the memory.

Based Indexed Plus Displacement Addressing Mode


MOV AL,[BX +SI +DISP] MOV AL,[BP +SI +DISP]

Exercise
Identify the addressing mode used for the source and the destination operands in the following 8086 microprocessor instructions: 1. MOV AH, [BP]+12 2. MOV DL, [DI] 3. MOV CX, [DI][BX]+5 4.MOV DX, [BX]+3 5. MOV CX, [BX]+[DI] 6.MOV AL, [BX]+[SI]+10

Exercise
Debug the following 8086 microprocessor instructions: a) MOV DS, 4D23H
b) MOV CH,[BX]+[BX]+6 c) MOV AL,[SI][DI]+4

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