GENERAL MATHEMATICS

S.Y.2024-2025

MCHNS
FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS

What are FUNCTIONS?

1.Functions arise whenever two (2) things are related to each other or one quantity
depends on another by some type of their rule of correspondence.

2.A function is a relationship of two(2) set of variables X and Y , such that each
value of set X is associated with exactly one (1) value of set Y.

3. A function is a set of ordered pairs(X,Y)such that no two(2) ordered pairs have

same X-value but different Y-values.

4.A function is a relation where each element in the DOMAIN is related to only 1
value in the RANGE by some rules . The elements in the domain can be imagined
as a machine that applies a rule so that each input corresponds to only one(1)
output.
RELATIONS

1When an independent variable (IV) corresponds to more than one (1) variable ,
It is a RELATION.

2. A correspondence between a first set of variables such that for some elements
of the 1st set of variables (domain ) @ least 2 elements of the second set(range)

3. A RELATION is a rule that relates from a set of values(domain) to a second set

of value (range ).The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a
machine that applies a rule to these inputs to generate “one or more outputs

4.A relation is also a set of ordered pairs (x,y)

 MAPPING DIAGRAM OF A FUNCTION

1 2 2 3
3 4 4
5 X 6 Y 5 6
7 8 7 8
X Y
THIS IS NOT A
THIS IS A
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
 DOMAIN
RANGE

2 5
3
4 7
X 6 8 Y
THIS A FUNCTION
Example 1.
Set of students in X and set of grades in Y
How do you conceptualize it in an ordered pair ? Determine if it is a function or
not.

X - Joe ,Paul , Roy, Toni

Y - 80, 78, 95, 85

Example 2.

From a given set of pairs ,(1,4),(3,4), (5,6) (7,8),Determine if it is a function or not.

Example 3. From a given set of ordered pairs, determine if( g ) is a function or

not.

g =( 2,3), (5,6),(7,8),(2,4)

Example 4.
If Y1= 5, and Y 3= 5 that corresponds with different values for X, X1 = 2
and X2 = 3
GUIDELINES: TO DETERMINE THE DOMAIN AND THE RANGE OF A FUNCTION

1. The square root of a positive real numbers is a real numbers . Thus √X = only for the
non-negative real numbers where domain is X≥ 0.
2. In the expressions X2 and X 3, X can assume any real numbers and therefore Y will
always be defined.
3. The function Y = 1/X is the same as X = 1/Y, hence the domain and the range are
composed of the set of non-zero real numbers where X is not equal to zero.
4. For the function Y= │X│ ,the domain is the set of real numbers and the range is also the
set of real numbers where Y≥ 0.
5. In √ X-2 ,the domain is X ≥ 2 , If √ X-2 is defined X -2 ≥ 0. Find the range by solving
X in terms of , thus X = Y2 + 2 and since X always exist for any real number assigned to
Y. Then the range is Y ≥ 0
FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATION OF REAL-LIFE
SITUATIONS

1.Linear function- a function of the form

f(x) = ax +b ,a ≠ 0

2. Quadratic function - a function of the form

f(x)= ax2 +bx +c , where a≠0

3. Polynomial function of degree( n) is a function of the

form f(x)= aₙ xn +an-1xn-1……..a1x +a0
FUNCTIONS can often be used as model real –life situations-
identifying an appropriate functional model will lead to a
better understanding of various phenomena.

Ex #1: Give a function C,that can represent the cost of

buying X meal, if one meal cost P40.

Solution: since each meal costs P40 ,then the cost function is
C(x)= 40x
Ex 2
One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular
area next to a river.Give a function A that can represent the area that
can be enclosed in terms of X.

Solution : we have to determine function A since Area is to be

determined.
Perimeter = 2y + x Area = xy
since P= 100 meter
Substitute P , 100 = 2y + x
y= 100-x/2
y= 50-0.5
A= xy subst value of y from perimeter y= 50- 0.5X

A(x) = X( 50-0.5X)
A(x) = 50 x - 0.5x2 answer
Example 3:

If area of the rectangular lot is 100 m2 ,determine a “Function P”

that represent the Perimeter(P) that can be utilized to enclose the
area.

(draw the figure first in order for you to solve the problem )
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
-Some situations can only be described by more than one (1)
formula , depending on the value of the independent variable.

-It is a function whose domain is partitioned into several

intervals on which the function maybe defined differently.

-It is only a way of specifying the function better than a

characteristic of the resulting function itself.
Ex.1.
A user is charged P 300 monthly for a particular mobile plan which includes 100 free text
messages.Messages in excess of 100 messages are charged P1 each.
Represent the amount a consumer pay each month as a function of the number of messages m sent in a
month.

Solution:
let T(m) –represent the amount paid by the consumer
T(m) – 300 if m >0 and m ≤ 0 equation 1

300 +m if m >100 equation 2

Ex 2.
A jeepney ride costs P 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers and each additional kilometer
adds P 1.50 to fare .
Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in terms of distance (d) in
kilometers.

Solution:
The input value is distance
The output value is the cost of jeepney fare.

If F(d) – fare as a function of distance

F(d) = 8 if 0 < d ≤ 4 eqn. 1
F(d) = 8 + 1.50 if d>4 eqn. 2
Quiz # 2 -next meeting
SPECIAL TEST/ASSIGNMENT 11 HUMS 3DOLOMITE
9-5-2024
1. A user is charged P 300.00 monthly for a particular mobile
plan which includes 100 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 100 are charged P1 each.
Represent the amount a consumer pay each month as a function
of the number of messages m sent in a month.

2 . A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the first 4 kilometers and each
additional integer kilometer adds P 1.50 to fare.
Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in terms
of jeepney fare in terms of distance d in kilometers
Evaluation of Function

X- is an independent variable,
IV
Y –is a dependent variable
the process is done by
substituting numerical value .
Example:

If f (x) = 3x2 – 2x +4 ,find the value of each of the functions.

1. if x= 2
2. if x= -3
3. if x=0
4. if x=1/2
5. if x= m
6. if x =(x+m)
SQUARING BINOMIAL
1.Square the first term.
2.Twice the product of the first term and second term.
3 Square the second term.

1.(x+y)2 = x2 + 2xy +y2

2. (2x+2y)2 = 4x2 + 8xy +4y2

3.(3x +4y)2 = 9x2 + 24xy +16y2

OPERATION OF FUNCTIONS

-by adding two or more functions together will result another function.
-by subtracting functions will result another functions
-by multiplying different functions will result another functions
- by dividing the functions together will also result in another function
if the denominator divisor is not the zero function.
Definition:
1. Addition: denoted by f+g is the function defined by
(f+g)(x)= f(x) + g (x)

2.Difference: denoted by f-g is the function defined by

(f-g)(x)=f(x) – g(x)

3.Product: denoted by f.g is the function defined by

(f.g)(x) = f(x) . g(x)

4.Quotient: denoted by f/g is defined by (f/g) (x) =f(x)/g(x) where g(x) is not
equal to zero.
Considering the Operations on Functions. Use these functions to develop
the examples below.

1. f(x) = x + 3
2. p(x) = 2x-7
3. v(x) = x2 + 5x + 4
4. g(x) = x2 + 2x -8
5. h(x) = x+ 7
2-x
6. t(x) = x-2
x+3
Example 1. Determine the ff. functions with reference to
the functions written above ;
a.( v + g) (x)
b.( f . p) (x)
c.( f + h) (x)
d. (p - f) (x)
e.( v/g) (x)
solution :

a. (v+g )(x) = v(x) +g(x) substitute values of v(x) and g(x) from the given functions
(x2 +5x +4) + (x2 +2x -8)
x2 +5x +4 +x2+2x-8
2x2 +7x -4 ans.

b. (f .p )(x) =f(x) .p(x) substitute values of f(x) and p(x)

(x+3) (2x-7) = x(2x)-x(7) +3(2x) +3(-7)

= 2x2 -7x +6x -21
= 2x2 –x -21 ans.
c.(f +h)(x) = f(x) +h(x)
= (x +3) +(x+7)
2-x
= (x+3) (2-x) + (x+7)
2-x
= 2x-x2+6-3x +x+7
2-x
= 2x-3x+x –x2 +6+7 = 13-x2 = X2 -13
2-x 2-x X-2 ans.
d. (p-f) (x) = p(x) – f (x) = (2x-7) –(x+3)
= 2x -7 –x -3
= x-10 ans.

e. (v/g) (x) = v(x)/g(x) subst values of v(x) and g(x)

= ( x2 +5x +4)
x2 +3x -8 ans.