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Cin305 Lecture Notes For Week 6-7 Computer Hardware & Software

This document discusses computer hardware and software. It describes how data moves from RAM to peripheral devices via expansion slots, cards, and ports. It then defines different types of expansion buses like ISA, PCI, AGP, USB, and FireWire that can be used to connect devices. It also discusses input/output devices that can be connected via these buses. The document further explains operating systems, programming languages, and software management.

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Kishore Cariappa
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
446 views

Cin305 Lecture Notes For Week 6-7 Computer Hardware & Software

This document discusses computer hardware and software. It describes how data moves from RAM to peripheral devices via expansion slots, cards, and ports. It then defines different types of expansion buses like ISA, PCI, AGP, USB, and FireWire that can be used to connect devices. It also discusses input/output devices that can be connected via these buses. The document further explains operating systems, programming languages, and software management.

Uploaded by

Kishore Cariappa
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

COMPUTER HARDWARE

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

SOFTWARE - Con,d

Week 6-7
CIN 305 Preliminary Computing
Source: www.farhansherazi.com

Chapter

Section D INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES


Expansion slots, cards and ports: How does a computer get data from RAM to a peripheral device?
CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Data Bus carries data from one component to another I/O (computer jargon for input/output) refers to collecting data and transporting results. Expansion bus - the segment of the data bus that transports data between RAM and peripheral devices

6-2 Page 88

TYPES OF EXPANSION BUSES


Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Advanced Graphic Port (AGP) Universal serial bus (USB) FireWire buses

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

HPSB high performance serial bus Used with digital camcorders & video editing software

6-3

TYPES OF EXPANSION BUSES

The microcomputer motherboard typically has up to three types of expansion slots:


ISA - older technology, modems and slow devices PCI - for graphics, sound, video, modem or network cards AGP - for graphics cards

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Expansion cards are built for only one type of slot

6-4 Page 89

USB AND HPSB PORTS


USB

Port Replacing serial and parallel ports Faster Each port can support more than one device HPSB Port FireWire ports Faster then USB ports

6-5

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

CABLES
Connect Newer

cables
CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Input/Output devices

AGP

Mouse

graphics monitor joy stick; scanner

Keyboard
Printer Monitor

USB

HPSB

video camera

6-6

MAJOR TYPES OF EXPANSION CABLES

6-7 Page 90-91

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

MAJOR TYPES OF SOFTWARE


Software (Programs):
CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Coded instructions for manipulating computer hardware and data.

Application software (often called Applications):

Programs that perform useful functions for users (e.g., Microsoft Access)
8

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Programs that operate computer hardware


CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Operating System (e.g., Microsoft Windows for PCs); User interface commands and/or screens through which the

user interacts with the system


(Note: user interface also has hardware parts keyboard, mouse)

Programming languages

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)


Think on terms of peoples management


CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Allocation and Assignment

Allocates hardware to application software tasks (e.g., Timesharing of processor; primary memory allocation and Virtual Memory creation)

Scheduling

Scheduling processing, inputs and outputs

Monitoring

Keeps tracks of users and tasks

10

EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS


Windows (XP, ME, 98, 95...) Mac OS Versions for home & corporate; supports Internet and multimedia; improved networking, security, and corporate management capabilities Apple computers, alternative to PCs; microprocessor with graphical capabilities For different categories of computers and for networking. Portable to various computer hardware platforms UNIX for PCs; open source
CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

UNIX

Linux

Palm OS

Handheld computers, Personal Digital Assistants

11

To put it all together

User

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

User Interface
Application Software Operating System Hardware

12

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Used for making application software


CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Todays standards:

Third Generation (instructions more English-like)


Fourth Generation (easy to use) Web development, markup languages - HTML, XML

13

THIRD AND FOURTH GENERATION

Third Generation Programming Languages

Example: COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)

Business ISes; Process large data files, numbers & text

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Fourth Generation Programming Languages

Report Generators (create customized reports for managers - MIS/RS)

Macros in Word processing, spreadsheets etc. software Programming modules in tax programs, accounting packages

Languages for retrieving databases query languages (Ch. 8)


14

MARKUP LANGUAGES FOR WEB

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

Controls display of Web pages

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

Describes structure of document & its data

Document transfer between different systems

XBRL

eXtensible Business Reporting Language Making financial statements & reports easier to prepare
15

MANAGEMENT OF SOFTWARE ASSETS

Rent Versus Buy Versus Build

ASP (Application Service Provider)

CiN305 AtinChaudhary@FNU

Company that provides software (and sometimes hardware) that is rented over the network

Maintenance important and expensive


Selecting Software

Appropriateness, Efficiency, Compatibility and Vendor

Support
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