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C 07 (Structure)

structures

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senthilj.javatrainer
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15 views

C 07 (Structure)

structures

Uploaded by

senthilj.javatrainer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

STRUCTUR

E
C supports structure which allows you to
wrap one or more variables with
different data types.

Structure is composition of the different


variables of different data types , grouped
under same name .

A structure can contain any valid data types


like int, char, float even arrays or even
other structures.

Structure is for storing complicated data.


DECLARATION
Syntax:
struct structure_name
{
member1;
member2;
member3;
};
Struct keyword is used to declare structure.

Name given to structure is called as tag.

Variables declared inside the structure is


called structure member.

Declaration of structure reserves no space.

Structure member may be of different data


type including user defined data-type.

Structure members are accessed using


structure variable.
Example:

struct date
{
int date;
char month[20];
int year;
}today;
struct date
{
int date;
char month[20];
int year;
};
struct date today;
Multiple Structure Variables

struct Book
{
int pages;
char name[20];
int year;
}c,cpp,java;
IMPORTANT RULES
Closing brace of structure type
declaration must be followed by semi
colon.
Don’t forget to use struct keyword.
Structures are written in global
declaration section.
it is not necessary to initialize all
members of structure.
INITIALIZATION

struct student
{
char name[20];
int roll;
float marks;
}std1 = {“xxx",67,78.3);
struct student
{
char name[20];
int roll;
float marks;
}
std1 = {“xxxx",89,98.5);
std2 = {“xxx",92,87.3);
struct student
{
char name[20];
int roll;
float marks;};

void main()
{
struct student s1 =
{“xxxx”,100,95};
- - - - --
- - - - --
- - - - --
}
Accessing structure
member
Array elements are accessed using
subscript variable and structure
members are accessed using dot
operator [.].

[.] is called structure member operator.

This operator is used between


structure name and member name.
#include<stdio.h>
struct student
{
char name[20];
int rollno;
float mark;
}s={"xxx",23,89.4};
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(" Name:%s",s.name);
printf("\n Roll No:%d",s.rollno);
printf("\n Mark:%f",s.mark);
getch();

}
#include<stdio.h>
struct student
{
char name[20];
int rollno;
float mark;
};
void main()
{
struct student s;
clrscr();
s.name[]="yyyy";
s.rollno=12;
s.mark=95;
printf("%s",s.name);
printf("%d",s.rollno);
printf("%f",s.mark);
getch();
}
Structure members are accessed by using
arrow operator when a structure variable
is pointer type.
#include<stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rollno;
float mark;
}*s;
void main()
{
clrscr();
s->rollno=11;
s->mark=50.4;
printf("\n Roll No:%d",s->rollno);
printf("\n Mark:%f",s->mark);
getch();
}
NESTING OF
STRUCTURE
Structure written inside another
structure is called as nesting of
two structures.

A structure can be the member


of another structure
struct date
{
int date;
int month;
int year;
};

struct employee
{
char ename[20];
float salary;
struct date doj;
}emp;
struct date void main()
{ {
clrscr();
int date;
emp.ename=“deepa”;
int month; emp.salary=4565.90;
int year; emp.doj.date=12;
};
printf(“%s”,emp.name
);
struct employee
{ printf(“%f”,emp.salary
);
char ename[20];
float salary; printf(“%d”,emp.doj.d
struct date doj; ate);
}emp; }
Array of Structure
Structure is used to store the
information of One particular object
To store more than one objects Array
of Structure is used.

struct <structure Name>


{
data type member1;
data type member2;
}structure variable[array size];
#include<stdio.h> for(i=0;i<n;i++)
#include<conio.h> {
printf(“Enter Roll Number”);
struct student
scanf(“%d”,&stud[i].roll_no);
{ printf(“Enter student
int roll_no; name”);
int age; scanf(“%s”,&stud[i].name);
printf(“Enter age”);
char name[20];
scanf(“%d”,&stud[i].age);
int m1,m2,m3; printf(“Enter three marks”);
int tot; scanf(“%d%d
float avg; %d”,&stud[i].m1,&stud[i].m
2,&stud[i].m3);
}stud[50];
void main() stud[i].tot=stud[i].m1+stud[
i].m2+stud[i].m3;
{ stud[i].avg=stud[i].tot/3;
int i,n; printf(“\n Total Mark:
clrscr(); %d”,stud[i].tot);
printf(“\n Average of mark:
printf(“Enter no of %f”,stud[i].avg);
students to be getch();
calculated”); }
scanf(“%d”,&n);
Passing
structure to
function
Structure can be passed
to function as a
parameter.
#include<stdio.h> void main()
#include<conio.h> {
struct sample int i;
{ clrscr();
int num1; for(i=0;i<3;i++)
int num2; {
}s[3]; get(&s[i]);
void get(struct sample *sptr) }
{ for(i=0;i<3;i++)
printf("\nEnter num1 : ");
{
scanf("%d",&sptr->num1);
print(&s[i]);
printf("\nEnter num2 : ");
}
scanf("%d",&sptr->num2);
getch();
}
}
void print(struct sample
*sptr)
{
printf("\nNum1 : %d",sptr-
>num1);
printf("\nNum2 : %d",sptr-
>num2);
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct student
{
int roll_no;
int age;
char name[20];
int m1,m2,m3;
int tot;
float avg;
char re[10],cl[10];
};
main()
{
struct student result(struct student,int);
student stud,stud1;
int i,n;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter no of students to be calculated”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
printf(“Enter Roll Number”);
scanf(“%s”,&stud.roll_no);
printf(“Enter student name”);
scanf(“%s”,&stud.name);
printf(“Enter age”);
scanf(“%s”,&stud.age);
printf(“Enter three marks”);
scanf(“%d%d%d”,&stud.m1,&stud.m2,&stud.m3);
stud1=result(stud,n);
printf(“\n Total Mark:%d”,stud1.tot);
printf(“\n Average of mark:%f”,stud1.avg);
printf(“\n Result: %s, ”,stud1.re);
printf(“\n Class: %s,stud1.cl);
getch();
}
struct student result(struct student st,int n)
{
st.tot=st.m1+st.m2+st.m3;
st.avg=st.tot/3.0;
if(st.m1<35 && st.m2<35 && st.m3<35)
{
strcpy(st.re,”Fail”);
strcpy(st.cl,”Nil”)
}
else
{
strcpy(st.re,”PASS”);
if(st.avg>=80)
strcpy(st.cl,”First”);
else if (st.avg>=60)
strcpy(st.cl,”Second”);
else
strcpy(st.cl,”Third”);
}
return(st);
}

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