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Lewis Vs Per

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9 views

Lewis Vs Per

for chemistry

Uploaded by

davinyu15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome to......

CHEMISTR
Y2
Prepared by RYAN A.PERALTA
LESSON 1:

Lewis Dot Structure


& Valence Shell
Electron Pair
Repulsion (VSPER)
Theory
Objectives
: principles. Identify the different electron pair
• Define VSEPR theory and explain its basic

geometries and molecular shapes.

• Construct Lewis structures for simple molecules and


ions. Predict the electron pair geometry and
molecular shape of a given molecule or ion using
VSEPR theory.

• Develop an appreciation for the importance of


VSEPR theory in understanding molecular structure
and its relationship to physical and chemical
properties.
LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE
• This is a simplified representation of the valence electrons in an atom or a
molecule. It is used to show how electrons are arranged around individual
atoms or molecules.

• Electrons are shown as dots and bonding atoms as lines between two atoms

• It does not attempt to explain the geometry of the molecules

• Gilbert N. Lewis introduced the concept of Lewis Dot Structure.


HOW TO DRAW LEWIS DOT
ste STRUCTURE

Add up the total number of valence electrons present in the


1
ps:
2
molecules
The central atom will be the one with the highest covalency
number.
(number of covalent bonds that will be formed by an atom)
Bond the othe atom to the central atom by a single bond.
3 Take into account the number of electrons used in
bonding.

4 Distribute the remaining valence electrons first to the attached atoms and
then to the central atom. Check for octet rule and form multiple bond if
Sample
1.Draw the Lewis Dost Structure (LDS) /Lewis diagram for carbon
Problem C 2
dioxide.

STE P 1 O

Carobon ( 4 valence Oxygen ( 4 valence


electrons) electrons)
Sample
1.Draw the Lewis Dost Structure (LDS) /Lewis diagram for carbon
Problem dioxide.

STE P 1 C 2
Carbon ( O
4 valence Oxygen ( 4 valence
electrons) electrons)
C 2 Total ve- = C (4) +
O O (6)
Total ve- = 1 (4) +
2 (6)
Total ve- =
16
C 2 Total ve- = C (4) +
O O (6)
Total ve- = 1 (4) +
2 (6)
Total ve- =
Draw lewis diagram for each of the atom as shown below. Electrons will be 16
represented by dots.
STE P 2
Carbon will be the central atom because it has higher covalency
number
STE P 3
STE P 4
Can we form other structure
beside this one?
Resonance structures are sets of Lewis structures that describe the delocalization
electrons in a polyatomic ion or a molecule. In many cases, a single Lewis structu
fails to explain the bonding in a molecule/polyatomic ion due to the presence of
partial charges and fractional bonds in it.
FORM AL CH AR G ES
FC = VE -( B + D)

FC= Formal Charnge


VE= Valence Electrons
B = no of bonds
D = number of
dots/electrons
Sample
2. Draw the LDS of (OH)-
Problem #2
ve= O + H +1e
=6 +1+1
= 8 valence electrons
Sample
3. (NH4)+
Problem #3 ve= N + H -1
= 5 + 1(4) - 1
= 8 valence
electrons
EXCEPTION TO THE RULE
OF OCTET
Full valence of less than 8 electrons:
Group 3 (e.g. Boron), Helium,
Hydrogen,
Boron trifluoride (BF3)
Moleucules with odd number of electrons
Example: Nitrogen in Nitrogen
oxide
EXPANDED
• In this case, the molecule is surrounded by more than 4 pairs of valence
OCTET
electrons

• The terminal atoms are mostly halogens (F, Cl, Br, I)

• The central atom is in the third, fourth, and fifth period


EXPANDED
Example: PCl5 OCTET
Valence electrons= P (1) + Cl(5)
ve= (5)(1) + (7)(5)
= 40 ve
Problem Set # 1
Direction: Use a long bond paper in answering this problem

A. Draw the acceptable Lewis structure for the


following :

a. H2S
b. CH2Br2
B. Draw the lewis dot structure for each polyatomic
ions
a. NH4 +
b.NO3 –
VALENCE SHELL
ELECTRON PAIR
REPULSON
(VSPER) THEORY
VSPER THEORY
• The shape of the molecule is determined by the repulsions
between all electrons present in the valence shell
• Electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel
each other and align themselves to minimize this repulsion
• Lone pair takes up more space than bond pair
• Lone paire attracted to one nucleus but bond pair is shared by
two nuclei
Linnear Arrangement
BeH
2
Trigonal Planar Arrangement
BF3
Tetrahedral
CH4
Trigonalbipyramidal
PCl5

VSPER
LEWIS DOT
MODEL
STRUCTURE

Add a little bit of body text


Octahedral
SF VSPER
6 MODEL
LEWIS DOT
STRUCTURE

Add a little bit of body text


Shape: Trigonal Pyramidal
NH VSPER
3 MODEL
LEWIS DOT
STRUCTURE

Add a little bit of body text


Shape: Square Planar
XeF VSPER
4 MODEL
LEWIS DOT
STRUCTURE

Add a little bit of body text


Shape: Bent/ V shaped
H2
VSPER
O MODEL
LEWIS DOT
STRUCTURE

Add a little bit of body text


Problem Set # 2
Direction: Use a long bond paper in answering this problem
Chemical Lewis Dot Molecular
Formula Structure shape/Geometry
H2
S
CCl
4
HCN

IF6

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