Integration by Substitution

Undoing the Chain Rule

TS: Making Decisions After Reflection

& Review
 Objective
 To evaluate integrals using the technique
of integration by substitution.
 Warm Up
What is a synonym for the term integration?

Antidifferentation

What is integration?

Integration is a process or operation that reverses differentiation.

The operation of integration determines the

original function when given its derivative.
 Warm Up
3 problems:

if y 5 x  2 x 
dy 3 4
Find dx

Find dy
dx if y ln 3 x 2


Evaluate 4 15 x +2 5 x  2 x  dx 

2 3 3
 Warm Up
if y 5 x  2 x 
dy 3 4
Find dx

 4 5 x  2 x  15 x  2 
3 3 2
dy
dx
 Warm Up
Find dy
dx if y ln 3 x 2

2 1
dy
dx  31x2  6x
1
1 x

dy
dx  2x
 Warm Up
Evaluate 4 15 x +2 5 x  2 x  dx 
2 3 3

5 x  2x  C
3 4

You have already found a function whose derivative is the expression

in the integrand, so you already have an antiderivative.

if y 5 x  2 x 
dy 3 4
Find dx

 4 5 x  2 x  15 x  2 
3 3 2
dy
dx
 Warm Up
Evaluate 4 15 x +2 5 x  2 x  dx 
2 3 3

Derivative of Inside function

inside function

5 x  2x  C
3 4

Some integrals are chain rule problems in reverse.

If the derivative of the inside function is sitting elsewhere

in the integrand, then you can use a technique called
integration by substitution to evaluate the integral.
 Integration by Substitution
 One method for evaluating integrals involves
untangling the chain rule.
 This technique is called integration by
substitution.
 Integration by substitution is a technique for
finding the antiderivative of a composite
function.
 Integration by Substitution
Evaluate 3 3 x  4  dx  3u 4 dx 
4

u
4
Let u 3 x  4 3 dx 
dx 3 dx
dx du
u
Take the 4
derivative of u. du 
Substitute into du 3 dx u5
the integral.
5 C 
1
5 u5  C 
3x  4 
Always express your 5
answer in terms of the
1
5 C
original variable.
 Integration by Substitution
Evaluate 42 x  x +4  dx  42 x u  dx 
2 20 20

42 u 
20
Let u x  4 2 x dx 
dx 2 x dx 42 u 
Take the dx du 20 1
derivative of u. 2 du 
du 2 x dx
21u 
20
du 
2 du  x dx
Substitute into 1
the integral.
21u 21
21 C 
21
u C 
x  4  C
Always express your 2 21
answer in terms of the
original variable.
 Integration by Substitution
3x 5  x  dx 
1

Evaluate 3 x 2 3
2 3 2
5  x dx 

3x u  dx 
1
2 2
3
Let u 5  x
u 3x dx 
1 2
2
3 x dx
Take the dx du 2
derivative of u. dx

u du 
1
2
du 3 x dx
Substitute into 2
the integral.
3
2
u
3 C 
2
3
2
2
3 u C 
3

  C
Always express your 2
3
answer in terms of the
original variable.
2
3 5  x
 Integration by Substitution
 Experiment with different choices for u
when using integration by substitution.

 A good choice is one whose derivative is

expressed elsewhere in the integrand.
 Integration by Substitution
Evaluate 2 x  1 x  x  dx 2 x  1u  dx 
2 3 3

u  2 x 1 dx 
3
2
Let u x  x
2 x  1 dx
u du 
dx du 3
dx

du 2 x  1 dx u4
4 C 
4
1
4 u C 

x  x  C
Always express your
2 4
answer in terms of the 1
original variable. 4
 Conclusion
 To integrate by substitution, select an
expression for u.
 A good choice for u is one whose
derivative is expressed elsewhere in the
integrand.
 Next, rewrite the integral in terms of u.
 Then, simplify the integral and evaluate.