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INTRODUCTION The science of obtaining information about objects or area from a specific distance is known as remote sensing, typically remote sensing is done via aircraft or satellites. Theses remote sensors can obtain data in the form of energy reflected from the earth, while the sensors on the aircraft or satellite can detect that energy

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6 views24 pages

Presentation 1

INTRODUCTION The science of obtaining information about objects or area from a specific distance is known as remote sensing, typically remote sensing is done via aircraft or satellites. Theses remote sensors can obtain data in the form of energy reflected from the earth, while the sensors on the aircraft or satellite can detect that energy

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REMOTE SENSING AND

SATELLITE: A SURVEY ON
REMOTE SENSING AND
SATELLITE
GROUP MEMBERS:

• Sohail Ahmed Siddiqui


Department of Telecommunication
Engineering
FEST, Indus University, Karachi.
[email protected]

• Laiba Ayub
Department of Telecommunication
Engineering
FEST, Indus University , Karachi.
[email protected]
INTRODUCTION
The science of obtaining information about
objects or area from a specific distance is
known as remote sensing, typically remote
sensing is done via aircraft or satellites.
Theses remote sensors can obtain data in the
form of energy reflected from the earth,
while the sensors on the aircraft or satellite
can detect that energy
SATELLITES

A satellite is anything which orbits


around its axis. It may be the moon,
planet or machine which orbits. For
example our moon is the satellite because
its orbits the earth. Usually, the word
"satellite" refers to a machine that is
launched into space and moves around
Earth or another body in space.[1]
WHY TO USE SATELLITE IN REMOTE
SENSING:
Satellite can collect more data from the ground then
aircraft or any other instrument on the ground.
 The difference is that satellite orbits the earth so it can
cover more area and can collect more data from the wide
area then the other instrument this make the satellite more
faster to respond.
 Before the satellite the signal can’t travel far because
the instrument on the earth cannot cover the wide area.
Now the signal is transmitted towards the satellite
which reflected back on surface on different locations
which makes the communication more faster and cheaply.
[2]
SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING
 Satellite remote sensing provide the activity of
recording, observing or perceiving.
The satellite remote sensing required a physical
medium to carry the data from the object to
sensor, the electromagnetic radiation provides the
physical medium which carry the information to
the sensor.[3]
There are different types of remote sensing
satellites used for different purposes. For example
China is mainly using three kinds of satellites.
 Recoverable remote sensing satellite
 Meteorological satellite
 Earth resources satellite [4]
http://
csironewsblog.files.wordpress.com/
SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING IMAGES
 The satellite transmitted data using radio waves to the earth
where it is usually obtain in the form of digital images so it can
be easily understand.
These digital images is made from tiny different squares called
pixels.
 Each pixel is recorded by the energy emitted by the object.
The resolution depends upon the area of the pixel and each
pixel represent an area so by adding all the area of the picture
the actual size of the image can be calculated.
For example : Thematic Mapper satellite each pixel has an area
of 15m * 15m.[5]
While the computer generates the picture using binary language
which consist on 0’s and 1’s.
Fig1(http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/RemoteSensing/)
COLOR IMAGES
Black and white picture may be very informative but from
gray tones images human eye can separate limited
information from data.
While color image, can be very helpful because the important
variation in the image can be determine easily.
From the black and white image data received by sensor and
then computer can produce a color image. Since different
material emits different colors of wavelength or band, in the
form of energy it is recorded by satellite sensor in different
parts of spectrum.
The sensor received three wavelength of light (green light,
blue light, red light), the computer will generate a color
image by using these tree wavelength of light. When colors
are combine an image called ‘false color image’ is obtain
which can easily interpret by human eye.

Fig2(http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/RemoteSensing/)
METHODS OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING
There are two types of instruments used for satellite remote
sensing these instruments are known as Active instruments and
Passive instruments.
PASSIVE INSTRUMENTS
The sunlight reflected by the object is the most common
external source for radiation , these reflected radiation having
different wavelength being observed by the sensor and image
is created. There are variety of passive instrument which is
used in satellite remote sensing.[7]
RADIOMETER
The radiometer is the instrument which measure the
radiation in some band of wavelength. For example these
waves can be microwave, visible or infrared.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-003-99/
images/ak_fig09.jpg
IMAGE RADIOMETER
Image radiometer is the further form of radiometer which
include scanner. The scanner in the radiometer consist on
mechanical or electrical array of detectors.

Fig3(http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/RemoteSensing/)
ACTIVE INSTRUMENT
Active instrument produces their own energy or
electromagnetic radiation to detect the object. Usually, the
sensor send an electromagnetic radiation towards the object
theses radiation backscattered by the object towards the
sensor.
RADAR
The radar transmitted electromagnetic radiation such as radio
or microwave frequencies , these frequencies backscattered
by the object and received at the antenna. Since
electromagnetic radiation travels at speed of light so the
distance of the object can be determine.
Fig4(http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/RemoteSensing/)
LIDER
Lider (light emitted by simulated emission of radiation)
emitted a light pulse towards the object which is reflected
back and measure by the sensor. Since Lider emit light so
distance of the object can be found by speed of light.

Fig 5(crisp.nus.edu.sg)
LASER ALTIMETER
Laser altimeter also emits light (same as Laider) but it
measure the height of the surface by taking earth as
mean.

http://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov/icesat/
images/measurements/msrerth2.gif
APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE REMOTE
SENSING
The satellite remote sensing technology and its application has
increased in almost every field from surveillance to mapping global
environment. Following are some fields in which satellite remote
sensing is applying: [8]
TELECOMMUNICATION
AGRICULTURE
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING [9]
DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE
MINERAL EXPLORING [10]
GLOBEL MONITERING SYSTEM (GPS) [11]
ASTROPHYSICS
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (ISS)
NAVSTER
GPS HUBBLE SATELLITE
SATELLITE

ISS SATELLITE
PAKSET 1R
CONCLUTION
Remote sensing via satellite technology has revolutionized
the word. It is the fastest and relatively cheapest method.
Satellite remote sensing provide the activity of
recording, observing or perceiving. These kinds of data
provide us real time observation about the objects. In
this modern world the field like telecommunication and
all kinds of electronic communications is possible only
because of the satellite remote sensing. Also the satellite
remote sensing provide us the various of method of
sensing which allow this technology applications in each
and every field.
REFERENCE
 [1] Article on remote sensing by CINESIN. (http://www.ciesin.org/)
 [2] Article on satellite by NASA
(www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/what-is-a-satellite-
58.html#.VIl_R9K)
 [3] vol. 1-remote sensing (satellite) system technologies-Michal A . Okoye and Greg
T.
 [4] Dayo Li, Shaochun Cui, Shiju Jiao
 Beijing Institute of Space Machine and Electricity.
 No 1 Nandahongmen RD, P O Box 9210
 [5]
 [6] research tutorial by CRISP national university of Singapore.
 [7]Steve Graham Featured article on Remote sensing by NASA Earth Observatory.
 [8] Satellite Remote Sensing and its Application by Shafiq Ahmed
 [9] Use of Remote Sensing
 in Natural Resource Management
 Prepared and presented by D. Lichaa El-Khoury
 [10] Meteorological satellitesC.M. Kishtawal
 atmospheric sciences division
 meteorology and oceanographic group
 space application centre (isro), ahmedabad
 [11] FUNDAMENTALS OF GPS
 P.L.N. Raju Geoinformatics Division

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