Scribd
Upload
5 views

Learning

Uploaded by

Vibha Hegde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Learning

Uploaded by

Vibha Hegde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Learning

Understanding the
Meaning Any relatively permanent
change in behavior that occurs
as a result of experience.

•Involves change
•Is relatively permanent
•Is acquired through experience
Learning
Experiences of different types
Reading, Writing, Observing, Experiencing

I do not know I Know

Change - Relatively Permanent


Theories of Learning

01 Classical Conditioning

02 Operant Conditioning

03 Social Learning
Classical Conditioning
A type of conditioning in which
an individual responds to
some stimulus that would not
ordinarily produce such a
response.
Classical Conditioning
Key Concepts
• Unconditioned stimulus – A naturally occurring
phenomenon
• Unconditioned response – Natural response to the
natural stimulus
• Conditioned stimulus – An artificial stimulus introduced
into the situation
• Conditioned response – The response to the artificial
stimulus
Operant Conditioning
A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary
behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment.

It is a method of
learning that
employs rewards
and punishments
for behavior
Operant Conditioning
Sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning

Key Concepts
• Reflexive (unlearned) behavior
• Conditioned (learned) behavior
• Reinforcement
Social Learning

People can learn through observation


and direct experience.
Key Concepts
• Attention processes
• Retention processes
• Motor reproduction processes
• Reinforcement processes
Social Learning Process

Must pay attention to the Model Must be able to Replicate the


Behaviour

Attention Motor Reproduction


Process Process

Retention Process Reinforcement


Must be able to remember the Must want to demonstrate
behaviour
Shaping Behaviour

Removing an unpleasant Negative Applying an undesirable


consequence when the Punishment condition to eliminate an
reinforcement
desired behavior occurs undesirable behavior

The action of strengthening


or encouraging something
Positive
Extinction
Reinforcement

Providing a reward for a Withholding reinforcement


desired behavior of a behavior to cause its
cessation.
Shaping Behaviour
Systematically reinforcing each successive step
that moves an individual closer to the desired
response.
Key Concepts

• Reinforcement is required to
change behavior
• Some rewards are more effective
than others.
• The timing of reinforcement
affects learning speed and
permanence.
Schedules of
Reinforcement

Continuous Reinforcement Intermittent Reinforcement


A desired behavior is A desired behavior is
reinforced each time it is reinforced often enough to
demonstrated. make the behavior worth
repeating but not every time
it is demonstrated.
Schedules of Reinforcement
Variable-Interval Schedule Fixed Ratio Schedule
Rewards are initiated after Rewards given at fixed
a fixed or constant number amounts of output
of responses.

Fixed-Interval Schedule Variable Ratio Schedule


Rewards are spaced at Rewards given at a
uniform time intervals. variable amounts of output
THANK YOU

You might also like