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Lesson 2 Significant Figures and Scientific Notation

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22 views

Lesson 2 Significant Figures and Scientific Notation

Uploaded by

amongus342
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SIGNIFICANT

FIGURES AND
SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
LESSON 2
Our Learning Goals
Additional Rules
01
for Significant
Figures
02 Accuracy and
Precision
Rules for
0 Significant
1 Figures
All non-zero figures are
significant.
All zeros between non-zeros
are significant.
Trailing zeros are not
significant.
Leading zeros are not
significant.
Zeros to the right of a
decimal point but to the left
of a non-zero figure are not
significant.
Zeros to the right of the
decimal point and following a
non-zero figure are
significant.
Zeros to the right of the
decimal point and
following a non-zero
figure are significant.
Could also be regarded
as…
“Trailing zeros to the
right of
the decimal ARE
IT IS SIGNIFICANT IF…
ADDITIONAL RULE
ZEROS found at the right of a
NONZERO FIGURE and left of the
designated decimal point, if it is
indicated to be significant, by
placing a bar on the last significant
zero digit, are said to be
SIGNIFCANT.
EXAMPLE: All zeroes in 5,000
TRY THIS!
I. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Identify the number of
significant figures in the
following items below:
1) 4.02
2) 0.008
3) 8600
4) 1049
5) 0.0002
0 Scientific
Notation
2
What is Scientific Notation?
Scientific notation or standard
index notation is a way of writing
any number between 1 and 9
multiplied by an appropriate power
of 10 notations. It is a shorthand
method of writing numbers that are
very large or very small.
What is Scientific Notation?
Examples:
The distance from the earth to the
nearest star is about 39 900 000
000 000 000 m. In scientific
notation it is written as 3.99 x 1016
m. The exponent tells you how many
times to multiply by 10.
What is Scientific Notation?
Examples:
The mass of hydrogen atom is 0.000
000 000 000 000 000 000 000
001 7 kilograms. In scientific
notation it is written as 1.7 x 10-
27
kg. In this case, the exponent tells
you how many times to divide by 10.
Scientific notation involves
writing the number in the form
M x 10n, where M is a number
between 1 and 9 and n is an
integer.
An integer is a positive and
negative whole number.
Rules for Scientific
Notation
Example 1: 24,700
●To change this number into scientific
notation, first put the decimal point to the
right of the last digit.
●Now count how many numbers to move the
decimal point to a position where the
number is now between 1 and 9. You had to
move the decimal point 4 places to the left.
The result is 2.4700
Example 1: 24,700

●Write the number in scientific


notation as: 2.47 x 104, where m =
2.47 and N = 4 shows that the
decimal point was moved 4 places to
the LEFT.
Example 2: 0.0032
●To change this number into scientific
notation, from where the decimal point is,
count how many numbers you are to move
the decimal point to a position where the
number is now between 1 and 9;
●You have to move the decimal point three
places to the right, as 3 and 2 are in
between 1 to 9.
Example 2: 0.0032

●Now write the number in scientific


notation is 3.2 x 10-3. The -3 shows
that the decimal points have to move
three places to the RIGHT.
TRY THIS!
II. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Write the following items in
Scientific Notation.
1) 3,270
2) 0.128
3) 654,000
4) 127,000,000
5) 0.000007
III. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Write the following items in
Normal Notation.
1) 5.80 x 10⁶
2) 6.32 x 10⁻⁵
3) 8.56 x 10⁴
4) 2.52 x 10-3
5) 2.30 x 1010
ACCURACY,
PRECISION, AND
UNIT
CONVERSION
A Supplementary Discussion
0 Accuracy and
3 Precision
Do you know the
difference
between
Accuracy and
Precision?
What is
Accuracy?
Accuracy
Closeness of one
measurement to the TRUE
VALUE.
What is
Precision?
The closeness of two or
more measurements to each
other is known as the precision
of a substance.
If you weigh a given
substance five times and get
3.2 kg each time, then your
measurement is very precise
but not necessarily accurate.
Repeatability
The variation arising when
the conditions are kept
identical and repeated
measurements are taken
during a short time period.
Repeatability
You can try the same
experiment, with the same
setup, and produce that exact
same result. It’s a way for
researchers to verify that their
own results are true and are not
just chance artifacts.
Reproducibility
The variation arises using
the same measurement
process among different
instruments and operators,
and over longer time
periods.
Length, Mass,
and Time
04 Conversion
CONVERSION
FACTORS FOR
LENGTH
Length (Metric to Metric)
1 km – 1,000 m
1 m – 100 cm
1 cm – 10 mm
Length (Metric to English)
1 m – 1.09 yard
1 m – 3.28 ft.
1 km – 0.621 mi
1 cm – 0.394 in
RULES FOR
CONVERSION
(METRIC TO
METRIC)
smaller unit, we need to multiply
the numerical factor. Therefore,
1 kilometer = (1 ×
1000) meters
1 meter = (1 ×
100) centimeters
1 centimeter = (1 × 10)
millimeters
Conversely, to convert a smaller
unit to a larger unit we need to
divide the numerical factor.
Therefore,
1 mm = 1/10 cm (0.1 cm)
1 cm = 1/100 m (0.01 m)
1 m = 1/1,000 km (0.001
km)
 When converting from a
large unit to a smaller
unit, shift the decimal
point one digit to
the RIGHT for each power
of ten of your desired
units.
When converting from a
small unit to a larger
unit, move the decimal
place to the LEFT.
CONVERSION
FACTORS FOR
MASS
Mass (Metric to Metric)
1 kg – 1,000 g
1 g – 1,000 mg
Mass (Metric to English)
1 kg – 2.2 lbs.
1 kg – 0.001 t
1 kg – 35.3 oz
CONVERSION
FACTORS FOR TIME
Time
1 minute – 60 seconds
1 hour – 60 minutes
1 day – 24 hours
7 days – 1 week
365 days – 1 year
Temperatu
re
Conversion
Formula for Temperature
Conversion
Celsius to Fahrenheit
F = C x 9/5 + 32 or C (1.8) + 32
Fahrenheit to Celsius
C = (F – 32) x 5/9 or (F – 32) x 0.56
Celsius to Kelvin
K = C + 273.16
Fahrenheit to Kelvin
K = (F – 32)/1.8 + 273.16
Formula for Temperature
Conversion
Kelvin to Celsius
C = K – 273.16
Kelvin to Fahrenheit
F = 1.8 (K – 273.16) + 32
TRY THIS!
IV. CONVERSION OF UNITS
Convert the following values to their
indicated units below. Show your
complete solution.
1) 18 km – mm 6) 29 F – C
2) 56 cL – mL 7) 125 F – K
3) 10 g – cg 8) 15 lbs. – g
4) 60 min – s 9) 26 in – ft.
5) 12 days - h 10) 2 m - mi
Thanks!
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