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04-07 Digestive System

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Krushna Annan
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14 views33 pages

04-07 Digestive System

Uploaded by

Krushna Annan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The

Digestive
System
The Digestive System
Function of the Digestive System
► Breaks down food into
molecules small
enough to pass thru
intestinal wall into the
bloodstream
Parts of the
Digestive
System
Mouth
Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion
► Breaking, crushing, ► Large molecules
mashing food (physical broken down by
change): TEETH chemicals (chemical
change): SALIVA
►SALIVA begins the breakdown of
complex carbohydrates (to sugars).
Esophagus
► Bringsfood to stomach using muscle
contractions (peristalsis)
Stomach
► Reducesswallowed materials to a soupy
mixture (chyme)
► Mechanical and chemical digestion

Above image shows rugae


(folds) on the inner surface
of a dog's stomach.
►GASTRIC JUICE – begins the
breakdown of proteins (to smaller
proteins).
Small Intestine

► Two functions:
► 1) Chemical digestion
► 2) Absorbs nutrients into
bloodstream
► (Fingerlike projections –
villi)
► About 6 m long
►Glands secrete INTESTINAL JUICE,
which neutralizes stomach acid, breaks
down proteins and sugars completely.
Absorption
► Nutrients pass into blood or lymph thru the
villi.
Large Intestine

► Absorbs water,
vitamins
► Receives all material
not absorbed into the
bloodstream
Rectum

► Temporarily
stores, then
eliminates
digestive
leftovers
Other Organs that help Digestion
(Accessory Organs)

► LIVER – makes bile


(breaks down fats into
small globules)
► GALL BLADDER –
stores bile
► PANCREAS – makes
pancreatic juice;
breaks down starch,
protein, fats
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Mechanical Digestion
► process of breaking down food in the mouth
into smaller pieces that can be swallowed
and increase surface area for chemical
digestion.
► Mechanical digestion primarily occurs in the
mouth, esophagus, and the stomach.
Chemical Digestion
► Theprocess by which food is converted into
substances that can be absorbed and
assimilated by the body.
Food Pathway
► It’s lunch time and you are
eating a bag of Doritos.
► Digestion begins in the
mouth.
► Food goes down the
esophagus and ends up in
the stomach.
► After being digested by
muscle contractions and
acids, the food continues to
the small intestine.
► Moving along, the waste
ends up in the large intestine
and leaves the body through
the anus at the end of the
digestive tract.
mouth
upper esophagus

esophagus

liver
stomach
gall bladder
pancreas

small intestine
Digestion Video
► http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-
200086.htm
QUESTION
► Is it possible to eat upside-down? Explain.

► Yes.Peristalsis moves food through the


esophagus via muscular contractions. Does
not depend on gravity.
Digestive Disorders
Disorder: Description: Effect on Body:
Backflow of chyme
HEARTBURN from stomach to Burning pain in chest
esophagus

Difficult bowel
Large-intestine
CONSTIPATION contents dry out
movements; need more
water, fiber in diet

Not enough water


DIARRHEA resorbed – watery Dehydration
bowels

Open sores in stomach, Caused by bacteria;


ULCERS cured w/ antibiotic;
intestine lining causes pain, bleeding
►A meal may
take up to
three days to
pass through
your digestive
system. It
spends about
three hours in
your stomach.
Barn Owl pellet (close-up)

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