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GP1 Week12

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18 views

GP1 Week12

Uploaded by

myla siatriz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Physics 1:

SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
AND UNIT
CONVERSION
PHYSICS
- is a branch of Science that deals with
the study of matter and energy, and
their interaction with each other.
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
- also called exponential notation, is a
convenient way of writing values
using the power of ten notation.
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Format: Cx10 e

C – Coefficient – can be a whole


number or with decimal (Mantissa)
Coefficient should always be greater
than 1 but less than 10.
10 – base
e - exponent
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Coefficient should always be greater
than 1 but less than 10.
Rules in expressing standard notation
to scientific notation:
1. When the decimal point is moved
from right to left, the result is positive
exponent.
Example: 7806110.231
Rules in expressing standard notation
to scientific notation:
2. When the decimal point is moved
left to right, the result is negative
exponent.
Example: 0.0000780611
Practice:

1) 256780002.1
2) 0.000000426
3) 680051.85
Rules in converting scientific notation
to standard notation:
1. Move the current decimal point
according to the number of places
based on the exponent.
(+) positive exponent = RIGHT
(-) negative exponent = LEFT
Practice:

1) 3.7962x10-4

2) 1.56x108

3) 1.56x10-8
UNIT CONSISTENCY AND
CONVERSION OF UNITS
Measurement
- is the process of finding the
magnitude of physical quantities.
- Can be defined as the “comparison
of an unknown quantity with some
known quantity of the same kind".
- is represented by a fixed quantity
(number) with a certain unit (label).
2 Major Systems of Measurement

I. English System
II. Metric System
I. ENGLISH SYSTEM
- also called the “imperial units”
- the traditional and historical system
of measurement in Britain.
examples: inch, feet, miles, slug,
pounds, gallons, quarts
II. METRIC SYSTEM
- This system makes the calculation
easy because it uses decimal,
meaning the base is 10.
- since it is universally used, it was
accepted by the International System
(SI) of Units.
II. METRIC SYSTEM
Length: meter (m)
Mass: kilograms (kg)
Force: Newton (N)
Pressure: Pascal (Pa)
Time: second (s)
Temperature: Kelvin (K)
Electric Current: Ampere (A)
II. METRIC SYSTEM
- The metric system uses the prefix
method to be added to the base unit.
Example: kilometer
Prefix: kilo
Base unit: meter
Prefix Scientific Prefix Scientific
(symbol) Notation (symbol) Notation
(Multiplie (Multiplie
r) r)
pico (p) 10-12 base 100 (=1)
nano (n) 10 -9 unit
micro (µ) 10 -6 Hecto (h) 10 2

milli (m) 10 -3 kilo (k) 103

centi (c) 10 -2 mega (M) 106


0 giga (G) 109
CONVERSION OF UNITS
LENGTH
1km = 1000m
1m = 100cm = 1000mm = 3.28ft
1mi = 5280ft = 1609km
1yd = 3ft
1ft = 12in
1in = 2.54cm
CONVERSION OF UNITS
VOLUME
1m = 1000L
3

1L = 1000mL = 1056qt
1mL= 1cm 3

1 gal = 4qt
CONVERSION OF UNITS
MASS
1kg = 1000g = 2.205lb
1 slug = 14.6kg
1 metric ton (tonne) = 1000kg
1 short ton (US) = 2000lb
CONVERSION OF UNITS
PRESSURE
1Pa= 1N/m 2

1 bar= 100,000Pa
1torr=1mmHg
1atm=101325Pa=760torr=14.7psi
CONVERSION OF UNITS
TIME
1 min = 60sec
1 hr = 60mins
1 day = 24 hrs
1 year = 365 days (approx.)
Conversion Examples:
1) 370ft to m 3) 2500L to ft
3

2) 1.2m to qt
3 4) 22mph (miles per hour)
to m/s
5) The farm harvested 1.3 metric tons of
apples. Each pound will be sold for $2.
How much would be the total sale?
General Physics 1:
UNCERTAINTIES
AND DEVIATIONS
IN MEASUREMENT
(Accuracy, Precision
and Errors)
What unit of measurement will you
use for the thickness of this book?
What instrument will you use to
measure the thickness of this
book?
ACCURACY &
PRECISION
How do we describe a good
measurement?
Error – difference between the true
value and the measured value
Uncertainty – net effect of error.
TYPES OF ERROR
a. Random Error – error has no
pattern; inconsistent
Example: Your first reading shows
that the measurement is too small.
You tried again and then it shows
too large value.
TYPES OF ERROR
b. Systematic Error – consistent
and repeatable error due to factors
such as:
-flawed instrument
-flawed procedure
-misreading of the observer
ACCURACY
- it indicates how
close the
measured value
is to the true
value.
ACCURACY

21.7 ± 0.2 mm
(True Value) (Acceptable Error)
ACCURACY
- it can also be expressed in terms
of fractional error or percent error.

21.7 ± 0.9% mm
(True Value) (Acceptable Error)
ACCURACY
Absolute Error Formula:
AE = | O-A |
AE – Absolute Error
O - Observed Measurement
A – Accepted Measurement
(True Value)
ACCURACY
Percent Error Formula:
%E = (AE / A) x 100%
AE – Absolute Error
A – Accepted Measurement
(True Value)
%E – Percent Error
ACCURACY
Accuracy Percentage Formula:

A.P. = 100% - %E
ACCURACY
Sample Problem: An experimenter
dropped a stone from the building.
He measured the acceleration as
9.7 m/s . What is the percentage of
2

the accuracy of the measured


value?
PRECISION
- is the agreement of the
measurements made in the same
way.
- how close the measurements of
the same item are to each other.
PRECISION

21.7, 21.66,
21.73, 21.69
ACCURACY vs.
PRECISION
A B

C D
PRECISION
- is expressed in terms of deviation
or percent deviation
PRECISION
AD = | O-M |
AD – Absolute Deviation
O - Observed Measurement
M – Mean of measurements
PRECISION
%D = (AD(AVE.) / M) x 100%
AD – Absolute Deviation
M – Mean of measurements
%D – Percentage of Deviation
PRECISION
P.P. = 100% - %D
PP – Precision Percentage
%D – Percentage of Deviation
ACCURACY
Sample Problem: Solve for the
percentage of precision of the
following obtained measures:
Trial 1 – 0.8 s
Trial 2 – 0.79 s
Trial 3 – 0.77 s
DO THIS!
1. John and Sally did an
experiment to measure the density
of an aluminum (2.7 g/mL). Sally’s
accuracy is 98.85% while John
measured 2.649 g/mL. Who is
more accurate, John or Sally?
DO THIS!
2. Tokyo is testing a football robot.
Four trials were taken to measure
the velocity of the ball upon kicking.
T1: 4.712 m/s T3: 5.21m/s
T2: 5.08 m/s T4: 4.81 m/s
What is the percentage precision of
the robot?

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