I play

baseball She said that

with my What
she plays
friends. did she
baseball with
say?
her friends.
 In the english language, there are two ways
of conveying what another person has
said:

DIRECT INDIRECT
SPEECH SPEECH
Diana
 Direct Speech /Quoted Speech :
When we report the
exact words of the speaker without
any change.

He said“ I am tired of hearing these

complaints.”
 Indirect Speech /Reported Speech :
When we do not report the
exact words of speaker and change
them.
He said that he was tired of hearing
those complaints.
“l've hurt my leg”, moaned the
boy.
Direct Speech
The boy moaned that he had
hurt his leg.
Indirect Speech

The woman said,“ I like this

dress.”
Direct speech
The woman said that she liked
that dress.
Indirect speech
 What changes did you notice?

He said,” I am glad to be here this evening.”

He said that he was glad to be there that evening.

• Omission of commas.
• Use of 'that’.
• Change of pronoun.
• Change of tense
• Change in adverb of time and
place.
Rules for changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:

1. Inverted commas are removed.

2. Change in the tense of the reported speech.
3. Change in the pronoun in the reported speech.
4. Change in certain words denoting distance and time.
5. Use of the connective (that) between the reporting verb and
speech.
 Rule: The first person of the reported speech
changes according to the subject of Direct
Speech.

1) The inspector said,“I am glad to be

with you today.”
The inspector said that she was glad to
be with me that day.
2) He said,“I like to shock people”.
He said that he liked to shock people.
3) We said,“We completed our work.”
We said that we completed our work.
 Rule: The second person of reported speech
changes according to the object of Direct
Object.

1)She said to him,“You are intelligent.”

She told him that he was intelligent.
2)He said to me,“you are a gorgeous
person”.
He told me that I was a gorgeous person.
3)He said to me,“ You are late for the
party.”
He told me that I was late for the party.
 Rule: The third person of the reported speech
does not change.

1) She said,“It is raining”.

She said that it was raining.
2)You said,“ They are waiting for the
bus.”
You said that they were waiting for the
bus.
3)They said, “he will come.”
They said that he would come.
Changes in Pronoun.
 Fill in the blanks with appropriate
Pronoun:
1. Anil said to me,”Your parents are waiting
for you”.

my
Ans: Anil told me that ___parents are
waiting for____.
me

2. She said,” she is looking for a job”.

Ans: She said that ___was

she looking for a
job.
3. The boy said,”I saw you at the party.

me at
he had seen ___
Ans: The boy said that __
the party.

4.My teacher said to me,”You shall not

enter the class”.

Ans: My teacher told me that____should

I not
enter the class.
• Words expressing nearness in time & place are
generally changed into words expressing distance.
Direct Indirect
Now Then
This That
These Those
Here There
Ago Before
Today That day
Tomorrow The next day/ The following
day/the day after
Yesterday The day before/ The previous day
Last night The night before
Next week The following week
Tonight That night
 Changes in Modal Verbs.

Direct Indirect
Will would
Shall Should
Can could
May might
• Words expressing nearness in time & place are
generally changed into words expressing distance.

John said, “I don’t like this book.”

John said that he didn’t like that book.

She said,“ I will do it.”

She said that she would do it.

• Words expressing nearness in time & place are
generally changed into words expressing distance.

He said,“ I shall go tomorrow, whatever

happens.”

He said he should go the next day, whatever

happens.

He said “he will work hard to pass.”

He said that he would work hard to pass.

 Change the following into Indirect Speech:
1.He said, “I shall discuss this matter next
week”.
Ans: He said that he should discuss that
matter the following week.
2. She said,“I can sing a song ”.
Ans: She said that she could sing a song.
3. They said,“ we may buy a car”.
Ans: They said that they might buy a car.
Change the following into Indirect Speech:

4. She said,“ This is my favourite book.”

Ans: She said that that was her favourite

book.
5. He said,“ The children will play outside
now”.
Ans: A said that the children would play
outside then.
 • Incase of universal truth, general truth, tense
should not be changed. So the verb will be same.
He said, “The sun rises in the east”.
He said that the sun rises in the east.
The teacher said, “ The earth moves around the
sun.”
The teacher said that the earth moves around the
sun.
My friend said, “ Man is the only animal that cooks
his food.”
My friend said that man is the only animal that cooks
his food.
If the reporting verb is in the Present or
Future Tense, the tense of the verb will not
change in the indirect speech.

1) He says, “I have passed the examination.”

Ans: He says he has passed the examination.

2) He will say, “I write a letter.”

Ans: He will say that he writes a letter.

3)Mother says,“ I baked the cake yesterday.”

Ans: Mother says that she baked the cake
yesterday.
Changes In Tenses
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
• Rules for changing direct into indirect
speech:
1) Simple present becomes simple
past.
Eg. He said, “ I live in the city center .”

Eg. He said that he lived in the city center.

• Rules for changing direct into indirect
speech:1) Simple present becomes simple past.

She said,“ He always wears a coat.”

Ans: She said that he always wore a coat.

He said, “ I like ice-cream.”

Ans: He said that he liked ice-cream.

He said,“ I am happy.”

Ans: He said that he was happy.

• Rules for changing direct into indirect
speech:
2) Simple past becomes Past Perfect.
She said, “ I went to Goa.”

She said that she had gone to Goa.

• Rules for changing direct into indirect
speech:
2) Simple past becomes Past Perfect.

Jaden said, “ I bought an iphone.”

Jaden said that he had bought an iphone.

Kiara said , “ I got a new job.”

Kiara said that she had got a new job.

Rules for changing direct into indirect speech:
3) Future tense becomes Future Conditional tense.
( Note: shall ⇛ should and will ⇛ would.)

The teacher said to the class,“I will be teaching you

about verbs”.(Direct Speech)

The teacher informed the class that she would be

teaching them about verbs.(Indirect Speech)
3) Future tense becomes Future Conditional tense.
( Note: shall ⇛ should and will ⇛ would.)
1)The student said, “ I will study harder.”
Ans: The student said that she would study harder.

2)Sachin said,“I will play cricket tomorrow”.

Ans; Sachin said that he would play cricket
the next day.
3) I said to them,“The journey will be long”.

Ans: I told them that the journey would be

long.
3) Future tense becomes Future Conditional tense.
( Note: shall ⇛ should and will ⇛ would.)

4) They said,“We will visit Bangkok.”

Ans: They said that they would visit
Bangkok.
5) The man said,“I will become a
Pilot”.
Ans: The man said that he would
become a Pilot.
Change the following sentences into
Indirect Speech:
1.Grace said,“ I like to plan trips”.
Ans: Grace said that she liked to plan
trips.
2. They said,“ We love our country”.
Ans: They said that they loved their
country.
3. John said,“They went to cinema”.
Ans: John said that they had gone
to cinema.
4. She said,“I will buy a computer”.
Ans: She said that she would buy a
computer.
DO AS DIRECTED
Q. Change the following sentences into indirect
speech.

1) He said to her,“ you are mistaken. ”

Ans: He told her that she was mistaken.

2) He said, “ I am unwell.”
Ans: He said that he was unwell.

3) He said, “ I do not know where to go.”

Ans: He said that he did not know where to go.

4) She said to me, “I want a holiday.”

Ans: She told me that she wanted a holiday.
5) The gentleman said to the beggar,” I know
you .”
Ans: The gentleman told the beggar that he
knew him.

6) She says, “ I will go to school tomorrow.”

Ans: She says that she will go to school the
next day.
7) Chitra said, “ I will go to the shop today.”
Ans: Chitra said that she would go to the shop
that day.
8) Mia said,” I want to listen to music .”
Ans : Mia said that she wanted to listen to music.”

9) Ben said,” It may rain.”

Ans: Ben said that it might rain.

10) He said,“I want to watch a film.”

Ans: He said that he wanted to watch a film.

11)The cobbler said,“She needs shoes”.

Ans: The cobbler said that she needed
shoes.
12) Papa Panov said,“ I’ll warm some milk
for the baby”.

Ans: Papa Panov said that he would warm

some milk for the baby
13)The girl replied,“ I cannot afford shoes”.
Ans: The girl replied that she could not
afford shoes.
14)“Nobody is awake at this ghastly hour of
the night,” hissed Muk.
Ans: Muk hissed that nobody was awake at
that ghastly hour of the night.