Computing Stage 8

Network
structure &
security

Building networks: structure.

and security.
Agenda Identify different types of networks and their use.

Points for discussion Medium of data transmission.

Error detection in data transmission.

Network operating system

Security features.

AR in education, gaming and robotics.

Ride backwards to
understand the
prerequisites.
DO YOU REMEMBER?

• Explain different ways by which devices can transmit data.

• Understand how a DNS enables users To access website. on their
devices and explain the steps a DNS takes.
• Understand how IP addresses and web servers work.
• Explain what the structure of a url looks like and identify the
different parts.
• Explain what types of encryption can be used on websites.
• Find information on the security certificates of a website.
Presenter.
• Understand how errors can occur in data transmission and apply
ways to check that a message is sent correctly.
• Modify a program based on a basic cipher.
• Encode and decode messages using a cipher.
• Understand how search engines categorize data.
• Explain how AI is used to improve search engine results.
What is a Network?

A network is a group of two or more electronic

devices (nodes) connected together so that they
can exchange data.

For example; a network allows computers to

share files, users to message each other, a whole
room of computers to share a single printer, etc.
 Based on area - network types

PAN LAN MAN WAN

Personal Area Network Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Wide Area Network
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that connects
Connects electronic devices close to the A Local Area Network is a network confined to one building Spread across over a latge geographical area, It
computers within a metropolitan area, which could be a single large city,
or site.
user, such as a wireless mouse, a keyboard, multiple cities and towns, or any given large area with multiple is a much larger network than LAN and MAN
Often a LAN is a private network belonging to an buildings. A MAN is larger than a local area network (LAN) but smaller
and a computer. organization or business. than a wide area network (WAN).
Server
A computer system
File Server Mail Server
A server is just a computer system, often very
powerful. with large storage capacity. It is
connected to a network wherein it can provide
resources and/or services to. any node in the
Web Server Print Server
network.

Servers require Network Operating Systems to

manage security and other functionalities of
the computer system.
Network Operating System

An OS in a network

An Operating System (OS), which includes software and

associated protocols to communicate with other
autonomous computers via a network conveniently and
cost-effectively, is called Network Operating System.

It allows devices like a disk, printers, etc., shared between

computers.
Network Hardware

Making
There are several Hardware components that
Connections are required a network to function properly.

• Servers
• Network Interface Controller
• Switch
• Wireless Access Point
• Router
• All-in-one devices
Network Hardware

Network Interface
Controller A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware
component without which a computer cannot be
connected over a network. It is a circuit board
installed in a computer that provides a dedicated
network connection to the computer. It is also called
network interface controller, network adapter or
LAN adapter.

• Internal
• External
Network Hardware

Switch
A switch enables multiple devices to share a network
while preventing each device's traffic from interfering
with other devices' traffic. The switch acts as a traffic
cop at a busy intersection. When a data packet* arrives
at one of its ports, the switch determines which
direction the packet is headed using the device's
MAC** address. It then forwards the packet through
the correct port for its destination.

*Data packet is a small piece of a large data.

**Media Access Control address is the physical address of a device.
WIRELESS ACCESS POINT
A WAP connects via ethernet cable to a router. Multiple
devices can connect to a Wireless AP using the Wi-Fi
connectivity.

ROUTER
As the name suggests, this device shows the route of a
data packet from a source to destination. A router
connects different types of networks together, for
example, a LAN to WAN.

ALL-IN-ONE DEVICES
Such devices are a hybrid of a WAP, router, switch and
even a modem.
Wired VS Wireless
Media of transmission

WIRED CONNECTIONS

COPPER WIRE FIBRE-OPTIC CABLE

• Transmits data as electrical pulse • Transmits data as pulse of light.

• Speed (bandwidth) is around 10 • Bandwidth can be upto 100Tbps.
Gbps over short distances. • Expensive
• Mostly used in a LAN • Fairly reliable and not prone to
• Fairly inexpensive interference.
• Prone to interference.
Wired VS Wireless
Media of transmission

WIRELESS CONNECTIONS

WPAN WLAN WWAN

This is a Wireless Personal Aread This is the Wireless Local Area This is a Wireless Wide Area
Network. The most common example Network. This is the same as. a LAN, Network. The most common example.
is Bluetooth. connectivity. but wireless. is the use in telecommunications.