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0019 ND 2 Morning

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SERMINAR

ON

QUESTIONNAIRE AS A METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

BY

AFOLABI SULAIMON AYOMIDE

FPA/SA/22/1-0019
DATA COLLECTION

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in

an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test

hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. (Kabir, 2016). The data collection component of research is

common to all fields of study including physical and social sciences, humanities, business, etc.

While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection

remains the same.


Aim

The aim of this seminar work is to explore the use of questionnaires as method of data

collection.

Objective

To identify the advantages and disadvantage of using questionnaire as a data collection

method.
Classification of data by nature

Classification of data by nature are into two broad categories: qualitative and quantitative.

•Qualitative data: qualitative data are mostly non-numerical and usually descriptive or nominal in nature. This

means the data collected are in the form of words and sentences. Often (not always), such data captures feelings,

emotions, or subjective perceptions of something..

•Quantitative data: quantitative data is numerical in nature and can be mathematically computed. Quantitative data

measure uses different scales, which can be classified as nominal scale, ordinal scale, interval scale and ratio scale.

Often (not always), such data includes measurements of something. Quantitative approaches address the ‘what’ of

the program.
Classifications of data by source

There are many ways of classifying data. A common classification is based upon who collected the data.

 Primary data

Data that has been collected from first-hand-experience is known as primary data. Primary data has not been

published yet and is more reliable, authentic and objective. Primary data has not been changed or altered by human

beings; therefore, its validity is greater than secondary data.

 Secondary data

Data collected from a source that has already been published in any form is called as secondary data. The review of

literature in any research is based on secondary data. It is collected by someone else for some other purpose (but

being utilized by the investigator for another purpose). For examples, census data being used to analyze the impact of
Methods of data collection

There are various methods of collecting primary data.

 Questionnaires

 Interviews (personal or delegated investigation)

 Observation

 Experimentation

 Registration

 Transcription from records (published or unpublished)

 Reports of committee etc.


Questionnaire method
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the
purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical
analysis of the responses, this is not always the case.

Types of questionnaires

Questions, either open or close-ended, related to the matter at hand.

 Open questions

A respondent’s answer to an open-ended question is coded into a response scale afterwards.

Example

Have you experienced any changes in your academic performance since living in a broken home?
 Closed questions

Closed questions structure the answer by only allowing responses which fit into pre-decided categories.

Features of good questionnaire

• The language in each question must be simple, clear and easily to understood and unambiguous.

• Avoid question that are likely to rely too much on memory of the respondents.

• The question should be in such that can result in objective answers.

• The number of questions should be kept as a few as possible.

• The unit in which the information are to be given must be clearly mentioned.
Conclusions

• Data reliability: assess the reliability of the data collected through questionnaires. Consider factors like response rates,

completeness of responses, and any biases that might affect the data quality.

• Insights gained: summarize the key insights and findings derived from the questionnaire responses. Highlight significant

trends or patterns that emerged from the data analysis.

Recommendations

• Improvement of questionnaire design: based on the findings, suggest improvements for future questionnaires. This could

involve refining question wording, adjusting the response options, or restructuring the questionnaire to better align with

research objectives.

• Mixed-methods approach: consider supplementing questionnaire data with qualitative methods (interviews, focus groups) to

gain deeper insights into certain responses or to validate findings.


THANK YOU

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