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Four Counting Principles

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7 views

Four Counting Principles

Uploaded by

rigen.maalam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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review

four counting
techniques
prepared: ms. rigen v. maalam
systematic listing
making a table

COUNTING TECHNIQUES

tree fundamental
diagram counting principle
Tree diagram FCP
It states that "when there are m
It uses line segments originating ways to do one thing, and n ways to
from an event to an outcome do another, then there are (m)(n)
ways of doing both."
previous quiz

Sarah goes to her local pizza parlor and


orders a pizza. She can choose either a
large or a medium pizza, can choose one
of seven different toppings, and can have
three different choices of crust. How many
different pizzas could Sarah order?
previous quiz

Sarah goes to her local pizza parlor and


orders a pizza. She can choose either a
large or a medium pizza, can choose one
of seven different toppings, and can have
three different choices of crust. How many
different pizzas could Sarah order?
previous quiz
Pizza:
2 sizes, 7 toppings, 3 crusts

By FCP: (2)(7)(3) = 42
There 42 possible combinations for
the pizza
your turn!

A person wants to buy one fountain pen,


one ball pen and one pencil from a
stationery shop. If there are 10 fountain
pen varieties, 12 ball pen varieties and 5
pencil varieties, in how many ways can he
select these articles?
sample PROBLEM

No. of ways in selecting fountain pen = 10


No. of ways in selecting ball pen = 12
No. of ways in selecting pencil =5

Total number of selecting all these


= 10 x 12 x 5
= 600
do you have questions or
points for clarifications
regarding the previous
lesson?
permutation of
distinct objects
permutation
It is a counting technique that determines the number of
possible arrangements in a collection of items where the
order of the selection matters.

distinct objects
The word 'distinct' means that the objects of a set must
be all different. There shall be no repetition of
occurrence.
permutation of distinct objects
It refers to the different arrangements of distinct objects in a
line. It is the different arrangements when no objects are
identical or the same.
EXAMPLES:
• Choosing a president, a vice president, a secretary and a
treasurer from the 12 members in a club
• Arranging 3 different mathematics of books in a shelf
• Getting the possible arrangements of letters of READ
sample problem 1
How many possible arrangements
could be made when selecting a
president, a vice president, a
secretary and a treasurer from the
12 members in a club
SOLUTION
• There are 12 members.
• No. of ways in selecting:
a. president: 12
b. vice-president: 11
c. secretary: 10
d. treasurer: 9

• By FCP: (12)(11)(10)(9) = 11, 880

Thus, there are 11, 880 ways to arrange 12 members of the


club for the position P, VP, S andT.
sample problem 2

A librarian wanted to organize a


book shelf. In how many
arrangements can be made with 3
different mathematics books?
SOLUTION
• There are 3 different mathematics books.
• No. of ways in selecting:
a. 1st book: 3
b. 2nd book: 2
c. 3rd book: 1

• By FCP: (3)(2)(1) = 6

Thus, there are 6 ways to arrange 3 different mathematics


books in a shelf.
sample problem 3

In how many ways can you


arrangement the letters of the word
READ?
SOLUTION
• There are 4 different letters of the word READ
• No. of ways in selecting:
a. 1st letter: 4
b. 2nd letter: 3
c. 3rd letter: 2
d. 4th letter: 1

• By FCP: (4)(3)(2)(1) = 24

Thus, there are 24 ways to arrange the letters of the word


READ.
RECALL
a. Sample Problem 2 solution: (3)(2)(1) = 6
b. Sample Problem 3 solution: (4)(3)(2)(1) = 24

This operation is called Factorial.

• It means to multiply all whole numbers from the chosen


number down to 1.
• In symbols, " ! "
Take note
Factorial (!) means to multiply all whole numbers from the
chosen number down to 1.

Examples:

• 3! = (3)(2)(1) = 6
• 4! = (4)(3)(2)(1) = 24
• 7! = (7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1) = 5040
calculator
Take note
Anagram is a word or phrase created by rearranging all the
letters of a certain word. The letters must be used only once
and the word that is formed has meaning.

Examples:
DEAR
READ
DARE
sample problem 4

How many anagrams of the word


SHARE are there?
answer
Anagrams of SHARE are:
-a fast-running, long-eared mammal
• HARES that resembles a large rabbit
-to remove fleece or hair by clipping
• SHEAR or cutting
• SHAER -a limited amount

• HEARS -to receive a sound

-a large flightless bird resembling a


• RHEAS small ostrich
There are 5 anagrams of the word SHARE.
• All objects are different. • Can be solved using the
• No objects are identical or Fundamental Counting
the same Principle

permutation of distinct objects

• Can be solved using • May use the concept of


Factorial Anagrams
activity
• Answer the exercises on your worksheet.
• You may use a calculator to solve for factorial.

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