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Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

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Chahek Kalra
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5 views

Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Uploaded by

Chahek Kalra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical symbols
All substances are made from tiny particles called . An atom is the smallest part of
an that can exist.
Atoms of each element are represented by their own chemical symbol. A chemical
symbol:
•consists of one or two letters
•always starts with a capital letter, with any other letter in lower case
For example the symbol O represents an atom of oxygen, and Na represents an atom
of sodium. You must write the chemical symbol of sodium as Na, not as NA, na or
nA.
Chemical formulae of elements
A chemical is used to represent an or in .
The formula for most elements is just its chemical symbol. For example:
•helium, He
•lithium, Li
•beryllium, Be
•boron, B
•carbon, C
•neon, Ne
•sodium, Na
•magnesium, Mg

Some non-metal elements exist as that are made up of two joined together. The formulae of these elements are the element's symbol
followed by a '2'. For example:
•iodine, I2
•bromine, Br2
•chlorine, Cl2
•fluorine, F2
•oxygen, O2
•nitrogen, N2
•hydrogen, H2
Chemical formulae of compounds
A is a substance that contains two or more that are chemically combined. The elements in a compound are present in fixed
proportions. For example, carbon dioxide always has 12 g of carbon for every 32 g of oxygen.
A chemical can be used to represent a compound. The formula shows:
•the symbols for each element in the compound
•the number of of each element in a unit of the compound
For example, magnesium oxide is made up of two elements, magnesium and oxygen. Its formula is MgO. This shows that it has
one atom of magnesium for every one atom of oxygen.
Early ideas about atoms
Ideas about atoms have changed over time. Scientists developed new atomic as they gathered new experimental evidence.
John Dalton published his ideas about atoms in 1803. He thought that all matter was made of tiny particles called , which he imagined
as tiny spheres that could not be divided.

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