Elements and
Compounds
Science
7
Recognize that substances
are classified into elements
and compounds.
It is a table where all the
ELEMENTS are listed in an
organized form.
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
The person who arranged the PERIODIC TABLE !
And is often referred to as the father of periodic
table
What is a PERIODIC TABLE?
o Shows all known elements in the
universe. The simplest pure
substance that is made from one
kind of atom only. It cannot be
broken downinto simpler substances
o Organizes the elements by
chemical properties.
How do you read the
PERIODIC TABLE?
The Periodic Table is a useful way to arrange elements. The vertical
columns are called groups.
The horizontal rows are called periods.
Rules for chemical symbols in the periodic table:
1.The symbol is usually the first one or two letters
of the name. Example: HYDROGEN & HELIUM
2.Sometimes the old (Latin) name is used.
Example: GOLD- Au
3.The first letter of a symbol is always a capital
letter.
4.The second letter of a symbol is always a small
letter.
5.Every element has a different symbol.
Symbols and Latin Names for Some Elements
Name Symbol Latin name
Sodium natrium
Potassium kalium
Copper cuprum
Gold aurum
Iron ferrum
An element
is the simplest pure substance that is
made from one kind of atom only. It
cannot be broken down into atom
simpler
atom
substances.
An element
An element
A compound is a pure substance of 2
or more elements chemically
combined.
atom atom
A compound made up of A compound made up of
2 different elements 7 different elements
• Elements combined during chemical
change.
• A particle of a compound is called
molecule.
• When elements are combined
chemically, a new substance is
created.
• These compounds has different
properties with the elements that
make it up.
A compound can be broken down
into elements
An element
An element
A compound made up of 3
different elements
An element
Combined Elements Formed Compounds
1. Hydrogen + Oxygen WATER
2. SODIUM + CHLORINE SALT
3. CARBON + OXYGEN CARBON
DIOXIDE
4. CARBON + HYDROGEN + GLUCOSE
OXYGEN
• When elements create a compound
they always join in a specific ratio.
Ex. WATER= 2 HYDROGEN: 1 OXYGEN
GLUCOSE= 6 CARBON: 12
HYDROGEN:6 OXYGEN
Material Made up of: Element
or
compound
1.Water Hydrogen and Oxygen
2. Coal Carbon
3. Carbon Carbon and Oxygen
dioxide
4. Oxygen Oxygen
5. Chalk Calcium, Carbon
& Oxygen
6. Wax Carbon & Hydrogen
7. Table salt Sodium & Chlorine
Material Element or compound
1. Water Compound
2. Coal Element
3. Carbon dioxide Compound
4. Oxygen Element
5. Chalk Compound
6. Wax Compound
7. Table salt Compound
8. Caffeine Compound
There is a key difference
between elements and
compounds.
•Compounds can be broken
down into simpler substances
by chemical means, but
elements cannot.
Breaking Down Compounds
Physical methods cannot be used
to break a
compound into simpler substances.
• Boil liquid water and you get
water vapor, not the oxygen
and hydrogen that water
contains.
Breaking Down Compounds
• Dissolve a sugar cube in water and you still
have sucrose, not oxygen, carbon, and
hydrogen.
"Methods must involve a
chemical change"
Breaking Down Compounds
A chemical change is a
change that produces
matter with a different
composition than the
original matter.
Breaking Down Compounds
Heating is one of the processes used to
break down compounds into simpler
substances.
• The layer of sugar is heated until it breaks
down into solid carbon and water vapor.
What happens to the compounds
in bread when it is overcooked
that causes the change in the
taste of the bread?
The compounds
undergo a chemical
change that changes
the taste of the bread.
They are broken down
into solid carbon.
Breaking Down Compounds
Can the substances that are
produced when sugar is broken
down when heated also be
broken down?
• There is no chemical
process that will break down
carbon into simpler
substances because carbon
is an element.
Properties of Compounds
In general, the properties of
compounds are quite different
from those of their component
elements.
• Sugar is a sweet-tasting white
solid, but carbon is a
tasteless black solid.
Properties of Compounds
• Hydrogen is a gas that burns in the
presence of oxygen—a colorless gas
that supports burning.
Properties of Compounds
When the elements sodium
and chlorine combine
chemically to form sodium
chloride, there is a
change in composition and a
change in properties.
• Sodium is a
soft gray
Properties of Compounds
• Chlorine is a
pale yellow
poisonous gas.
Properties of Compounds
• Sodium chloride
(commonly known
as table salt) is a
white solid.
Can elements be broken down by
chemical changes? How about
compounds?
There are no chemical processes
that can break down an element
into simpler substances.
Compounds can be broken down
by chemical changes.
Generalization
Complete the following statements.
1. Elements contain (1 or 2) type of atom.
2. Elements (can be or cannot be) broken
down into simpler substance by either
physical and chemical means
3. Compounds contain atoms of (1 or 2) or
more different elements combined chemically.
4. Compounds can be broken down into simpler
substance by _______ means but not
physical means.
