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Mole Concept

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7 views

Mole Concept

Uploaded by

Doyeong Doyeong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mole Concept

Chemistry/SSS1
The Mole
• A mole is a number of particles of a substance which may be atoms,
ions, molecules or electrons. This number of particles is
approximately 6.02 × 1023 in magnitude and is known as Avogadro’s
number of particles.
• The mole is defined as the amount of a substance which contains as
many elementary units as there are atoms in 12g of Carbon-12.
Relative Atomic Mass (R.A.M)
• The relative atomic mass of an element is the number of time the
average mass of one atom of that element is heavier than one-twelfth
the mass of one atom of Carbon-12. It indicates the mass of an atom of
an element. For example, the relative atomic masses of hydrogen,
oxygen, carbon, sodium and calcium are 1, 16, 12, 23, and 40
respectively.
• The atomic mass of an element contains the same number of atoms
which is 6.02 × 1023 atoms; 1 mole of hydrogen having an atomic mass of
2.0g contains 6.02 × 1023 atoms.
Relative Molecular Mass (R.M.M)
• The relative molecular mass of an element or compound is the
number of times the average mass of one molecule of it is heavier than
one-twelfth the mass of one atom of Carbon-12.
• It is the sum of the relative atomic masses of all atoms in one molecule
of that substance. It is also called the ‘formula mass’. The formula mass
refers not only to the relative mass of a molecule but also that of an
ion or radical.
• Calculations:
• Calculate the relative molecular masses of:
1) Magnesium chloride,
2) Sodium hydroxide, and
3) Calcium tri-oxocarbonate
• [Mg = 24, Cl = 35.5, Na = 23, O = 16, H = 1, Ca = 40, C = 12].

• Solution:
1) Magnesium chloride, MgCl2 = 24 + (35.5 × 2) = 24 + 71 = 95
2) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40g·mol-1
3) Calcium tri-oxocarbonate, CaCO3 = 40 + 12 + (16 × 3) = 40 + 12 + 48 = 100
Molar Volume of Gases
• The volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at standard conditions of
temperature and pressure (s.t.p) is 22.4dm3. Thus 1 mole of oxygen
gas of molar mass 32.0g·mol-1 occupies a volume of 22.4dm3 at s.t.p
and 1 mole of helium gas of molar mass g·mol-1 occupies a volume of
22.4dm3 at s.t.p.
• 𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸: When the conditions of temperature and pressure are altered,
the molar volume will also change. Also, standard temperature = 273K,
and standard pressure = 760mmHg.
Relationship Between Quantities
• i.e.
• i.e.
• i.e. M =
• i.e.
• Mass of substance containing 1 mole of particles = Molar mass
• Calculations:
• What is the number of oxygen atoms in 32g of the gas?
• [O = 16, NA = 6.02 × 1023].

• Solution:
• Since ,
mol.
• Since 1 mole of O2 ≡ 6.02 × 1023 atoms,
there are 6.02 × 1023 atoms in 32g of oxygen gas.
Percentage Of An Element In A Compound

• The percentage composition of an element in a compound is the


amount of the element expressed in percentage.
• Calculations:
• Calculate the percentage by mass:
1) Of nitrogen in NH4NO3.
2) Of water in crystallization of MgSO4·7H2O
• [Mg = 24, S = 32, O = 16, H = 1, N = 14]
• Solution:
1) Molar Mass of NH4NO3 = (14 × 2) + (1 × 4) + (3 × 16) = 28 + 4 + 48 = 80g·mol-1
Mass of N2 = 14 × 2 = 28g
Percentage by mass of N2 = = = 35%
1) Molar Mass of MgSO4·7H2O = 24 + 32 + (16 × 4) + (7 × ((2×1) + 16)) = 24 + 32 + 64
+ 126 = 246g·mol-1
Mass of 7H2O = 7 × ((2×1) + 16) = 126g
Percentage by mass of 7H2O = = = 51.2%

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