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Lec 2 Data and Information

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Lec 2 Data and Information

Uploaded by

msohaibkhan7474
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture no 2

Data and Information


Data ?

Word data is derived from Latin word “Datum” which means to “something given” .

Data is a collection of facts such as numbers, words, measurement, observation, or just description of
something.

Data can be represent with the help of alphabets , digits, or special characters.
It can also be a pictures, audios or videos.

Example :

Addresses , ages , names , dates….


Structured and unstructured data

Structured data : organized in specific manner.


Example : relational data.

Unstructured data : not organized in a pre-defined manner.


Example : text, media logs…..
Types of data

There are three types of data.

a. Alphabetic data
b. Numeric data
c. Alphanumeric data
1) Alphabetic data :

We know there are 26 alphabets in English language . These alphabets are used to represent
alphabetic Data .
It consist of small as well as capital letter from (a to z), or from (A to Z) and blank spaces . It
is also known as non numeric data.
Example :
Name , Father name , school name etc …
2) Numeric data:

Numeric data is made of digits from 0 to 9, two signs (+ and –) and decimal points ( Data in
points 15.8 ).

Example : phone number, GPA, Marks and Average.


3) Alphanumeric data :

It is the combination of alphabetic , numeric data , special character and symbols .

Example :
[email protected]
The email address consist of alphanumeric data .
Information ?

 The word information is derived from Latin word “Informatio” which means “formation
or conception.”
 Information is data that has been converted into a more useful or meaningful form.
 Information is data that is processed, organized, and structured.
Difference between and Information

Data Information
Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to Processed, organized and structured form of
processed. data is called information.
May or may not be meaningful. Always meaningful.

Data may be not in order. Information should be in order.

Understanding is difficult. Understanding is easy.

Data or raw data is not enough to make a Information is sufficient to help make a
decision. decision.
Example : Survey data. Example : Census report.
Data Processing

 Data in its raw format is not useful to any organization.


 Data processing is the method of collecting raw data and translating it into usable
information.
Six main steps in data processing cycle :
1 Collection, 2 Preparation, 3 Input
4 Processing 5 Output 6 Storage
Data collection

 Collection of raw data is first step of the data processing cycle.


 Raw data should be gathered from defined and accurate sources.
Data preparation

 Also called data cleaning.


 It is the process of sorting and filtering the raw data to remove unnecessary and inaccurate
data.
 Raw data is checked for errors, duplication, miscalculations, or missing data.
Data input

 In this stage raw data begins to take the form of usable information.
 Raw data is converted into machine readable format and fed into the processing unit.
 This can be in the form of data entry through a keyboard, scanner or any other input
device.
Data processing

The data entered on the computer is Processed , which may involve verification,
transformation, organization, integration and extract data in a useful output format for further
use.
Data output

The processed data is finally displayed to the user in a readable form, like graphs, tables,
audios, videos and pictures etc…
Data storage

The final stage of data processing is data storage, where the data are stored for further use.
When the data is properly stored, it can be quickly and easily accessed by the user when
needed.
Have a good day

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