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Problems On Probability

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Problems On Probability

Uploaded by

Ifla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM ON PROBABILITY

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
BENEFITS OF THE PROGRAM

Upon completion of this session, the


learner will be able to how to understand
the question properly

You will be able to solve word problems


on probability

Shortcuts
Tips
Tracks to solve the problem

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY 2
DEFINITION OF PROBABILITY
• Probability = what I want
Total
• When ever you see AND in a question you have to *
• When ever you see OR in a question you have to +
• Coins based problem means only 2 possibilities Head and tail
• Cards 52, 52 possibilities, 13 spade, 13 heart, 13 club and 13
diamond(26 Red cards and 26 Black cards)10,J,Q&K
• Dice has a six faces that means it can have 6 possibilities
• Socks, balls, marbles etc……

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
PROBABILITY FORMULAE :
1. Probability Range = 0 = P(A) = 1
2. Rule of Complementary Events = P(AC) + P(A) = 1
3. Rule of Addition = (A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AnB)

4. Disjoint Events
Events A and B are disjoint iff = P(AnB) = 0

5. Conditional Probability = P(A | B) = P(AnB) / P(B)


6. Bayes Formula = P(A | B) = P(B | A) · P(A) / P(B)

7. Independent Events
Events A and B are independent iff = P(AnB) = P(A) · P(B)
ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 1:
• PROBLEMS BASED ON COINS:
• The Possible Number of Outcomes is always Calculated by 2∧n
• When a Coin is Tossed then the Possible ways=2¹=2(Head or Tail)
• When Three Coins are Tossed then the Possible
ways=2³=8(HHH,HHT,HTH,HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT)
• The Question from this Coin Pattern May have 3 words to trick you that is
ATMOST
ATLEAST
EXACTLY
• Atmost 2 heads -------------- Maximum of two heads
• Atleast 2 heads ----- Minimum of Two heads or May be more than 2 heads
• Exactly 2 heads ---- only 2 heads not more than that not less than that.

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 2:
• PROBLEMS BASED ON DICE:
• The same Logic Applies here that is the Possible number of Outcomes is 2 ^ n
• When a Single Dice is thrown the number of Possibility=6¹=6(1,2,3,4,5,6)
• When two Dice are thrown then the number of Possible Outcomes=6²=36

• [(1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(1,4)(1,5)(1,6) (2,1)(2,2)(2,3)(2,4)(2,5)(2,6)
• (3,1)(3,2)(3,3)(3,4)(3,5)(3,6) (4,1)(4,2)(4,3)(4,4)(4,5)(4,6)
• (5,1)(5,2)(5,3)(5,4)(5,5)(5,6) (6,1)(6,2)(6,3)(6,4)(6,5)(6,6)]

• Mostly Question Will Be Based On The Below Format:


• Sum Of The Number Should Be 6 Or 7 Or Any Value
• Difference Of The Number Should Be 3[(1,4)(2,5)(3,6)]

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
DICE BASED PROBLEM
• A pair of 8 sided dice has sides numbered 1 to 8.Each side has same probability or
chance of landing face up. The probability that the product of 2 numbers on the
sides that land face up exceeds 36 is
• Options are A. 11/64 B. 5/32 C. 3/16 D. 1/4
• Sol 1: total possibble combination=8c1*8c1=8*8=64
total possible combinations that exceeds 36=(5,8),(6,7),(6,8),(7,6),(7,7),(7,8),(8,5),(8,6),
(8,7),(8,8)=10
the probability=10/64=5/32
• Sol 2: Only Possible results in the output buffer are:(5,8),(6,7),(6,8)....(8,8).
therefore total number of desired output=11
total number of possible results are 8*8=64
therefore required ans=10/64=5/32
• Answer is B

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 3:
• PROBLEMS BASED ON CARDS:
• In Card Based Problem Remember this Hierarchy

• 13 Cards in Each Category is:


• Numbers (1 to 9) 9 cards
• Ace-1,Jack-1 Queen-1 King-1 (4 cards)

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 4: BALLS & BAGS PROBLEMS
• Category 1 - AND SUM: Bag contains 5 green balls and 3 blue balls, if
3 balls picked at random probability that 2 are Green and 1 is Blue
and means multiply
• 3 balls  2G & 1B Given in the question
• Total no of balls = 8 in this 5 were green and 3 were blue
• 5C2 * 3C1/8C3
•

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 4: CATEGORY 2 – OR SUM
• Bag contains 5 green balls and 3 blue balls, if 2 balls picked at
randomly what is probability that 2 are Green or 2 are Blue(Or
means add)
• Total no of balls = 8 in this were green and 3 were blue
• 5C2 + 3C2 / 8C2
•

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 4: CATEGORY 3 – BOTH AND & OR SUM
• Bag contains 5 green balls and 3 blue balls, if 4 balls picked at
random probability that 3 are Green and 1 is Blue or 2 are Green
and 2 are Blue.
• (5C3 * 3C1) + (5C2 * 3C2) / 8C4
•

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 4: CATEGORY 4 – ONE COLOR
• Bag contains 5 green balls and 3 blue balls, if 3 balls are picked at
randomly what is the probability that one is Green.
• (5C1 * 3C2) / 8C3
•

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 4: CATEGORY 5 – NONE
• Bag contains 5 green balls and 3 blue balls, if 2 balls are picked at
randomly what is the probability that none is blue.
• 5C2 / 8C2
•

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 4: CATEGORY 6 – ATLEAST
• Bag contains 5 green balls and 3 blue balls, if 3 balls are picked at
randomly what is the probability that atleast 1 ball is green.
• Minimum 1, 2, 3 maximum
• (5C1 * 3C2) + (5C2 * 3C1) + (5C3 * 3C0)
8C3
•

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
TYPE 4: CATEGORY 6 – ATMOST
• Bag contains 5 green balls and 3 blue balls, if 3 balls are picked at
randomly what is the probability that atmost 2 balls are green.
• Atmost 2 Maximum you can have 2,1,0 minimum
• (5C2 * 3C1) + (5C1 * 3C2) + (5C0 * 3C3)
8C3

ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
ETHNOTECH ACADEMY
ETHNOTECH ACADEMY

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