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9 views22 pages

TE Group 4 Edited

Uploaded by

jalarampalan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE- BHUJ

Highway Geometric Design


Enrollment No. Name Of Student
210150106006 PALAN DHRUV AMITBHAI
220153106038 RAJPUT RAJDEEPSINH DHARMENDRASINH
220153106037 RAJDE BHAKTI
220153106006 DARSHAN BARAD
220153106039 RANPARIYA UTSAV ASHVINBHAI

12/03/2013
Table Of Content

1. Importance of Highway Geometric Design

2. Highway Cross Section Elements

3. Sight Distance

4. Design Of Horizontal Alignment

5. Design Of Vertical Alignment

6. Design Of Intersection
Importance of Highway Geometric Design

• Definition: Geometric design of highways deals with the


dimensions and layout of visible features of the highway.

• Geometric design fulfills the requirements of the driver and the


vehicle.

• Proper geometric design will help in the reduction of accidents


and their severity.

• Provide efficiency in traffic operation.

• Provide maximum safety at reasonable cost.

• Minimize the environmental impacts.


Highway Cross Section Elements
Highway Cross Section Elements
 Carriage way :  Side slope:
 The Width of pavement way on  The slope of earthwork in
which vehicles travel is called Filling(embankment) or cutting
carriage way . is called side slope.
Highway Cross Section Elements
 Road Shoulders :
 Shoulders are provided along the
road edge to serve as an
emergency lane for vehicles .
 As per IRC, the min. width of
shoulder should be 2.5m.

 Uses :
 Repair of broken down vehicles
 Overtaking operations
 To act as an emergency lane
 For future widening of road
 For temp. diversion of traffic
during road repair etc.
Highway Cross Section Elements
 Formation width :
 Formation width is the top width
of the highway embankment or the
bottom width of cutting excluding
the side drain .
 Formation width = Width of Carr.
Way + Width of shoulder
Highway Cross Section Elements
 Right of way :
 Right of way is the area of land
acquired for the land, along its
alignment.
 It is the distance between boundary
stones of road on either side of road.
Highway Cross Section Elements
Berm :  Side drain :
 The distance between the road toe  For the drainage of rain water, drains
are provided on either side of the road
and inner edge of borrow pit is .
called berm.  Normally, Side drain are required for
 It prevents the erosion of road in cutting. For road in
embankment soil. embankment side drain is not
necessary.
Highway Cross Section Elements
 Building line :  Central line :
 The distance from the centre line of road  At the location like bank, hospital,
on either side, within which factory, theatre etc. on the road
construction of building is not permitted where more people gather
is called building line.
disturbance to the traffic will be
more.
 Purposes :
 The distance from the center line to
 For future widening of road
such building is called control line.
 To reduce the chance of accidents
 To relieve residents from noise pollution
 To prevent disturbance to the traffic by
nearby residents
Highway Cross Section Elements
 Borrow pits :  Kerbs :
 The pits dug along the road alignment for  The boundaries between pavement
using excavated earth in construction of and shoulders or footpath are known
embankment are known as borrow pits. as kerbs.
 Borrow pit should be dug atleast 5m from
toe of embankment.
 The small portion left undug in a borrow
pit to measure the depth of excavation is
called deadman.
Highway Cross Section Elements
 Mountable kerbs :  Barrier kerbs :
 These kerbs are indicator between the  They are mainly provided to cause
boundary of a road and shoulder . obstruction to the vehicles leaving
The height of the kerb is such that the carriage way under emergency.
driver find no difficulty in crossing  Its height is 23 to 45cm
these kerbs and use the shoulder incase
of emergency.
 Generally, such kerbs are provided
 Its height is kept on 10cm above the
on hills bridges etc.
pavement edge.
 Semi-barrier kerbs :
 It prevents encroachment of slow
speed or parking vehicles to the
footpath
But at emergency vehicle can climb
over and can be parked on footpath or
shoulder.
Its height is 15 to 20cm
Road alignment
 Road alignment :
 Alignment : is an arrangement in a
straight line or in correct relative
positions.

 The position or the layout of the


central line of the highway on the
ground is called the alignment.

 Horizontal alignment includes


straight and curved paths.

 Vertical alignment includes level


and gradients.
Road alignment

• Alignment decision is important because a bad alignment will enhance the


construction, maintenance and vehicle operating cost. Once an alignment is fixed
and constructed, it is not easy to change it due to increase in cost of adjoining land
and construction of costly structures by the roadside.
Road alignment
 Types of alignment :
 Horizontal Alignment :
Horizontal alignment in road
design consists of straight
sections of road, known as
tangents, connected
by circular horizontal curves.
 It is the design of the road in the
horizontal plane.
 Consists of a series of tangents
(straight lines), circular curves
and transition curves.
 Should provide safe travel at a
uniform design speed.
Road alignment
 Types of alignment :
 Vertical Alignment : Vertical
alignment is the longitudinal
section (shown on the y-axis of a
road, it consists of straight grades
joined by vertical curves.
 Vertical alignment specifies the
elevations of points along the
roadway.
Design Of Intersection
Intersection Of Roads  Intersections are classified
 Intersection is an area into three general categories:
shared by two or more  grade-separated without
roads. ramps,
 grade-separated with
 This area is designated for
the vehicles to turn to ramps(commonly known as
different directions to interchanges),
 and at-grade.
reach their desired
destinations.
 This is because vehicles
moving in different
direction want to occupy
same space at the same
time
Design Of Intersection
Design Of Intersection

Example of grade separated intersection without ramps


Design Of Intersection

Example of grade separated intersection with ramps


Design Of Intersection

Example of At-grade separated intersection


THANK YOU

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