Presentatio

n on
TIDAL
POWER

by Ujwal
Masane Roll no
89

Environmental Studies- CHT- 251.

Index
• Sources of Energy
• Energy from the sea
• Tidal Energy
• The Cause of Tides
• The lunar induced tide
• Generation of Tidal energy
• Tidal stream Generator
• Dynamic Tidal power
• Cost
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Uses and significance
• Tidal Energy in India
• Conclusion
Sources of
Energy
• Non-Renewable Sources of Energy
Those sources of energy which have accumulated in nature over a
very, very long time and cannot be quickly replaced when exhausted
are called non-renewable sources of energy.

• Renewable Sources of Energy

Those sources of energy which are being produced continuously in
nature and are inexhaustible, are called renewable sources of
energy.
 Energy from the
sea
The energy from the sea can be obtained mainly in
three
forms:
1. Tidal energy
2. Wave energy, and
3. Ocean thermal energy
Tidal
Energy
• Tidal energy (or tidal power) is a form of hydropower, using water
to create energy.
• Tidal energy converts the energy obtained from tidal movement
into electric power using tidal generators. Tidal power was first
conceived in the 1970s, during the oil crisis, when there was an
initial emphasis on developing alternative energy sources to
distance the U.S. and Europe from the volatility of the oil markets.
The Cause of
Tides
• Tides refer to the rise and fall of our oceans’ surfaces. It is
caused by the attractive forces of the Moon and Sun’s
gravitational fields as well as the centrifugal force due to the
Earth’s spin.
• The Moon, although much smaller than the Sun, is much
closer. Now, gravitational forces decrease rapidly as the
distance between two masses widen. Thus, the Moon’s
gravity
has a larger effect on tides than the Sun. In fact, the Sun’s
effect is only about half that of the Moon’s.
The lunar induced
tide
• The Moon and Earth revolve about each other in space
but since the mass of the Earth is nearly hundred
times greater than the Moon’s mass, the Moon’s
motion is more apparent. The centre of revolution is at
O, such that
• ML =M’L’
• L’ = MD/M ‘+M
• L’ = 4670km
Generation of Tidal
energy
• Tidal power is taken from the Earth's oceanic tides. Tidal forces are
periodic variations in gravitational attraction exerted by celestial
bodies.

• Due to the strong attraction to the oceans, a bulge in the water

level is created, causing a temporary increase in sea level.
Tidal stream
Generator
• Tidal stream generators make use of the kinetic energy of
moving water to power turbines, in a similar way to wind
turbines that use wind to power turbines.

• Some tidal generators can be built into the structures

of existing bridges or are entirely submersed, thus
avoiding concerns over impact on the natural
landscape.
Dynamic Tidal
power
• Dynamic tidal power (or DTP) is an untried but promising
technology that would exploit an interaction between
potential and kinetic energies in tidal flows.

• Tidal phase differences are introduced across the dam,

leading
to a significant water-level differential in shallow coastal
seas
– featuring strong coast-parallel oscillating tidal currents
such
as found in the UK, China, and Korea.
Cos
t
• Tidal Energy has an expensive initial cost which may be one of
the reasons tidal energy is not a popular source of renewable
energy.
• It is projected that tidal power will be commercially profitable
within 2020 with better technology and larger scales.
• Tidal Energy is however still very early in the research
process and the ability to reduce the price of tidal energy can
be an option. The cost effectiveness depends on each site
tidal generators are being placed.
Advantages
• It is an inexhaustible source of energy.
• Tidal energy is environment friendly energy and doesn’t produce
greenhouse gases.
• As 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water, there is scope to
generate this energy on large scale.
• We can predict the rise and fall of tides as they follow cyclic fashion.
• Efficiency of tidal power is far greater as compared to coal, solar or
wind energy. Its efficiency is around 80%.
• Although cost of construction of tidal power is high but
maintenance costs are relatively low.
Disadvantages
• Cost of construction of tidal power plants is high.
• There are very few ideal locations for construction of plant and they
too are localized to coastal regions only.
• Intensity of sea waves is unpredictable and there can be damage to
power generation units.
• Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt migration of fish.
• The actual generation is for a short period of time. The tides only
happen twice a day so electricity can be produced only for that
time.
• Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines, low tidal rise
or
fall are some of the obstructions.
Uses and significance
• Tidal Electricity- Like other forms of Energy, the main usage of
Tidal Energy is in the generation of Electricity. Tidal Energy is
being used in France to generate 240MW of Tidal Electricity at
very low costs.
• Grain Mills- Tidal Energy has been used for hundreds of years.
Just like Wind Mills, Tidal Energy was used for the mechanical
crushing of grains in Grains Mills.
• Energy Storage- Tidal Energy can also be used as a store of
Energy. Like many of the hydroelectric dams which can be
used a large Energy Storage, so Tidal Barrages with their
reservoirs can be modified to store energy.
• Energy Storage- Tidal Energy can also be used as a store of Energy.
Like many of the hydroelectric dams which can be used a large
Energy Storage, so Tidal Barrages with their reservoirs can be
modified to store energy.
• Provide Protection to Coast in High Storms- Tidal Barrages can
prevent Damage to the Coast during High Storms and also provide
an easy transport method between the 2 arms of a Bay or an
Estuary on which it is built.
Tidal Energy in
India
• According to the estimates of the Indian government, the
country has a potential of 8,000 MW of tidal energy.

• This includes about 7,000 MW in the Gulf of Cambay in

Gujarat, 1,200 MW in the Gulf of Kutch and 100 MW in the
Gangetic delta in the Sunderbans region of West Bengal.
Conclusion
• Tidal energy is a kind of renewable energy with large
potential. It has many advantages over solar and wind energy.

• For example, the availability of tidal energy is highly

predictable and not subject to the impact of weather
condition. The energy density of tides is also higher than solar
and wind energy.