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1 - Introduction To Field Methods

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26 views

1 - Introduction To Field Methods

Uploaded by

Bernard
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FIELD METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Introduction to the Course


OBJECTIVES

• Understand the nature and overview of field


methods used in psychology
• Familiarize with the APA guidelines in
conducting research
• Understand the research process and the three
main types of psychological research
FIELD METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Field Methods in Psychology covers both


quantitative and qualitative field methods. It
includes design and administration of surveys,
interviews, and focus group discussion.
FIELD METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY
Location of Field Methods in Psychology
Curriculum:

•Psychological Statistics
•Experimental Psychology
•Psychological Assessment
•Field Methods in Psychology
•Thesis/Research 1
•Thesis/Research 2
THREE MAIN TYPES OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
TYPES OF RESEARCH USED IN PSYCHOLOGY

Experimental
Descriptive

Correlational
A. EXPERIMENTAL
•It aims at a cause and effect relationship which
cannot be established in any other research
method.

•Eg. The effects of music in the emotional state…


A. EXPERIMENTAL
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT VARIABLE
VARIABLE •A measure of an
•A condition in a assumed effect of an
scientific method that is independent.
manipulated so that its
effects may be observe.
A. EXPERIMENTAL

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE


IV - Music DV - Emotional state
A. EXPERIMENTAL

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONTROL GROUP


Exposed to Music Not to be exposed to
music
B. DESCRIPTIVE
•Involves observing and recording of behavior and
mental processes.

•Eg. Tardiness and absenteeism among college


students amid the Covid-19 pandemic

•Eg. The management style of school


administrators in Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite
B. DESCRIPTIVE

1. Survey

A method of scientific investigation in which a


large sample of people answer the questions about
their attitudes or behavior.
B. DESCRIPTIVE
B. DESCRIPTIVE

2. Case Study

A carefully drawn biography that may be obtained


through interviews, questionnaires, and
psychological tests.
B. DESCRIPTIVE

• Case studies are in-depth investigations of a


single person, group, event or community;
Processes and developments

• May continue for an extended period of time


B. DESCRIPTIVE

• Most of this information is likely to be qualitative


(i.e. verbal description rather than measurement)

• Eg. Sigmund Freud case study on Anna O


B. DESCRIPTIVE

3. Naturalistic Observation

A scientific method in which organisms are


observed in their natural environments.
B. DESCRIPTIVE
C. CORRELATIONAL
•The goal of this method is to describe the strength
of the relationship between two or more events
or characteristics.

•Nothing is manipulated
C. CORRELATIONAL
•Shows degree of relationship NOT cause and
effect relationship

•Eg. Relationship between meditation and


concentration
C. CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH PROCESS
HOW TO FORMULATE THE IDEA
HOW TO FORMULATE THE DESIGN
HOW TO COLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA
HOW TO COMMUNICATE FINDINGS
OUTPUT
• a qualitative research paper
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH ETHICS
•Research ethics concerns the responsibility of
researchers to be honest and respectful to all individuals
who are affected by their research studies or their reports
of the studies’ results. Researchers are usually governed
by a set of ethical guidelines that assist them to make
proper decisions and choose proper actions. In
psychological research, the American Psychological
Association (APA) maintains a set of ethical principles for
research (APA, 2002)
RESEARCH ETHICS
•Supposed we want to study the below:
•Repeated blows to the head brain Brain Injury

Can we plan a study


that involved injuring
people’s brains to
examine the effects?
Physical harm!
RESEARCH ETHICS
•Research ethics concerns the responsibility of
researchers to be honest and respectful to all individuals
who are affected by their research studies or their reports
of the studies’ results. Researchers are usually governed
by a set of ethical guidelines that assist them to make
proper decisions and choose proper actions.
•In research, ethical issues must be considered at each
step in the research process.
RESEARCH ETHICS
Historical Highlights of Treatment of Human Participants

•Nuremberg Code - a set of 10 guidelines for the ethical


treatment of human participants in research
•Despite the development of the Nuremberg Code there
have been examples of maltreatment of human
participants.
• Tuskegee study
• Milgram obedience study
RESEARCH ETHICS
Historical Highlights of Treatment of Human Participants

•National Research Act - an act mandated regulations for


the protection of human participants
•Belmont Report summarizes the basic ethical principles
and guidelines for human subject research.
RESEARCH ETHICS
Belmont Reports’ three basic principles:

1. Respect for persons requires that individuals should


consent to participate in studies and those who cannot
give their consent, such as children, people with
diminished abilities, and prisoners, need to be protected
2. Beneficence requires that the researcher NOT harm the
participants, minimize risks, and maximize possible
benefits
3. Justice requires fairness in procedures for
selecting participants
RESEARCH ETHICS
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH
1. Individuals are asked to volunteer to participate without
coercion.
2. They are informed about the nature of the experiment
before giving consent to participate.
3. Unnecessary deception of the participants is avoided.
4. When deception is used, the true nature of the study is
fully explained to the participant after the study is over
(debriefing).
5. All information learned about the participant is
kept completely confidential.
RESEARCH ETHICS
RESEARCH ETHICS
REFERENCES
Banalo, Roland John, Labatorio Lilia, and Prudente Jr. Alexander B.
(2014). General Psychology. Mindshapers Co. Inc.
Gravetter, F. J., Forzano, L. B. (2012). Research Methods for the
Behavioral Sciences. Wadsworth. U.S.A.
McLeod, S. A. (2018, January 14). Correlation definitions, examples
& interpretation. Simply Psychology.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/correlation.html
Rathus, Spencer A.(2015) General Psychology. 6th edition. Cengage
Learning.
Willig, C. (2008). Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology.

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