COMMUNICATIO

N
 WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
Communication styles change from
person to person. During the process of
communication, a person may invoke
several channels or modes or methods
to convey a message. But, the process
of communication doesn’t only
depend on the source producing or
relaying information.
 It also equally depends on the communication method
and the manner in which the receiver understands the
message. Let us first understand the method by which we
communicate.

Communication begins at a given

point. The first step is the generation of
information. The second step is to put
this information or data into a medium
for transmission towards the intended
audience.
THE THREE SIMPLE
DEFINITIONS ARE:
• Communication means sharing of information
• Communication is the giving and receiving of
messages
• Communication is the transfer of information from
one or more people to one or more other people.
DEFINITION OF
COMMUNICATION:
Communication can broadly be
defined as exchange of ideas,
messages and information between
two or more persons, through a
medium, in a manner that the sender
and the receiver understand the
message, I.E., develop common
understanding of the message.
 The word communication is derived from the Latin
word ‘communicare’, which means to share, impart,
participate, exchange, transmit or to make
common. It emphasises on sharing common
information, ideas and messages. It is not merely
issuing orders and instructions.
 “Communication is the art
of developing and attaining “Communication is
understanding between the transfer of
people. It is the process of information from a
exchanging information and sender to a receiver,
feelings between two or more with the information
people and it is essential to being understood by
effective management.” — the receiver”. —
Terry and Franklin
Koontz and Weihrich
 “Communication is the
sum of all things one person “Communication is
does when he wantsto create the process by which
understanding in the mind of people attempt to share
another. It is a bridge of meaning via the
meaning. It involves a transmission of
systematic and continuous symbolic messages.”
process of telling, listening — Stoner and Wankel
and understanding.” — Allen
Louis
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
It refers to to a series of Communications is a
actions or steps taken in continuous process which
order to successfully mainly involves three
communicate. elements viz. sender,
message, and receiver.
The elements involved in
the communication
process are:
1. Sender: The sender or the communicator
generates the message and conveys it to the receiver.
He is the source and the one who starts the
communication.

2. Encoding: The message generated by the sender is

encoded symbolically such as in the form of words,
pictures, gestures, etc.
before it is being conveyed.
3. Message: It is the idea, information, view, fact, feeling,
etc. that is generated by the sender and is then intended to
be communicated further.

4. Media: It is the manner in which the encoded message

is transmitted. The message may be transmitted orally or in
writing. The medium of communication includes
telephone, internet, post, fax, e-mail, etc. The choice of
medium is decided by the sender.
5. Noise: It refers to any obstruction that is caused by the
sender, message or receiver during the process of
communication. For example, bad telephone connection,
faulty encoding, faulty decoding, inattentive receiver, poor
understanding of message due to prejudice or inappropriate
gestures, etc.
6. Receiver: He is the person who is last in the chain and
for whom the message was sent by the sender. Once the
receiver receives the message and understands it in proper
perspective and acts according to the message, only then
the purpose of communication is successful.
7. Decoding: It is the process of converting the symbols
encoded by the sender. After decoding the message is
received by the receiver.

8. Feedback: Once the receiver confirms to the sender that

he has received the message and understood it, the process
of communication is complete.
 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Barriers to effective communication can result in confusion which
can lead to incorrect information being conveyed or miscommunication
which can lead to loss of business.
Following are some of the barriers to effective communication:
1. Semantic barriers
2. Psychological barriers
3. Organisational barriers
4. Cultural barriers
5. Physical barriers
6. Physiological barriers
 Semantic barriers: Semantic barriers are also known as
language barriers. These barriers are caused due to improper
communication between the sender and the receiver. The
following instances of semantic barriers can be witnessed in
communication.
 Poor quality of message: Technical language: Language
Message when communicated barriers also arise when the
should be precise and easy to sender of the message is
understand, that makes it easy for speaking in technical terms
the receiver to grasp the while the receiver is unaware of
information conveyed. the terms. It creates confusion
Sometimes, due to the lack of and misunderstanding between
clarity or complexity of the way of the sender and receiver by
providing information from the acting as a barrier to effective
sender, there can be a case of communication.
semantic barriers.
Psychological Barriers: Psychological barriers play an
important role in interpersonal communication as the state of
the mind of the sender or the receiver can make it difficult
to understand the information that is conveyed, which often
leads to misunderstanding.
Here are some instances where psychological barriers to
communication can be seen.

1. Premature evaluation of information by the receiver even before it is

transmitted can lead to barriers in communication, as it will create premature
conclusion to the message, which withholds the original message.
2. Inadequate attention from the receiver’s end at the time of communication
can lead to barriers of communication as the information conveyed by the sender is
not properly received by the receiver.
3. When information is passed within multiple sources, the final information is
distorted as the receivers of the message are not able to retain everything that was
conveyed. This can cause communication barriers.
Organisational barriers: Organisational barriers are those
barriers that are caused due to the structure, rules and
regulations present in the organisation. The various types of
barriers that can be encountered due to superior subordinate
relationships where the free flow of communication is not
possible.

Sometimes the complexity of organisational structure and

multiple managers make it difficult to convey information
properly, and the information gets distorted leading to
miscommunication.
Cultural barriers: Cultural barriers are those that arise due to
lack of similarities among the different cultures across the
world. A term that can be harmless in one culture can be
regarded as a slang in another culture. Moreover, various
beliefs can differ from one culture to another.
Physical barriers: Physical barriers to communication are
those that arise due to certain factors like faulty equipment,
noise, closed doors and cabins that cause the information
sent from sender to receiver to become distorted, which
results in improper communication.
Physiological barriers: Physiological barriers arise when a
sender or the receiver of the communication is not in a position
to express or receive the message with clarity due to some
physiological issues like dyslexia, or nerve disorders that
interfere with speech or hearing.
 WHAT IS
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATIO
N?
 Effective communication is a
combination of a set of skills that
include attentive listening, nonverbal
communication, the ability to deal with
stress in the present situation, and the
capability identify and understand
one’s own emotions and those of the
person one is communicating with.
 Effective communication is all about conveying your
messages to other people clearly and unambiguously. It's also
about receiving information that others are sending to you, with as
little distortion as possible. Doing this involves effort from both
the sender of the message and the receiver. And it's a process that
can be fraught with error, with messages muddled by the sender, or
misinterpreted by the recipient. When this isn't detected, it can cause
tremendous confusion, wasted effort and missed opportunity.In fact,
communication is only successful when both the sender and the
receiver understand the same information as a result of the
communication.
 Effective communication refers to
the process of conveying
information, ideas, thoughts, and
feelings from one person to another in
a clear, concise, and understandable
manner.
SOME FORMS OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
 Verbal Communication
 Written Communication
 Non-Verbal Communication
 Visual Communication

Effective communication is a vital skill in various aspects of

life, including personal relationships, professional settings,
and social interactions.
 VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
It is a method that uses speech in the form of speaking to convey a
message or information. It is the most popular and effective mode of
communication, usually practised during video conferences, phone calls,
presentations, one-on-one conversations, and meetings. It supports both
nonverbal and written communication.
 NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
It is basically a practice of gestures, facial expressions, and body
language to send information. It can be implemented intentionally and
unintentionally when communicating. For instance, a person can smile
unintentionally when they hear an interesting piece of information or a
pleasant idea.
 WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
It is all about typing, printing symbols, numbers, letters, and
writing to send a piece of information. Sometimes used to record
information for evidence or reference purpose. In general, the written
style of communication is used in books, blogs, pamphlets, memos, and
letters to share and spread information. In the workplace, e-mail is a
common example of written communication.
 VISUAL COMMUNICATION
It uses art, photographs, sketches, graphs, charts, and drawings,
to pass on the information. It is used especially during presentations to
present to give a visual effect and support written or verbal
communication.