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ppt-4 Modeling

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43 views15 pages

ppt-4 Modeling

Uploaded by

iamdanishrathor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mathematical modeling of

Electrical systems
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Electrical systems, also named circuits or networks, are
designed as combinations of mainly three fundamental
components with a voltage source:
1-resistor (resistance), 2-capacitor(capacitance), and 3-
inductor (inductance).
These Resistor, Capacitor and Inductors are put together in a
circuit like RC, RL and RLC circuit configuration.
Circuit exhibits time and frequency dependent responses
that will e useful in many applications. A RC / RL / RLC circuit
can be used as a filter or oscillator and used to change the
frequencies.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS

Resistor is a passive element that


resists the flow of electrons.
It allows only certain amount of
current to pass through it,
remaining current is converted into
heat.
Resistance is the property of the
resistor to oppose the current.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS
An inductor(L) is a passive electronic component that stores
energy in the form of a magnetic field. The inductance is directly
proportional to the number of turns in the coil.
Inductors are used in tuning circuits which are used to select the
desired frequency.
The well known and wide range application of inductors is
Induction motors. A relay is like an electrical switch. It uses
inductor coil to control the current flow in it.

Capacitor is generally used to store the charge. In capacitor the


charge is stored in the form of “electrical field”.
Capacitor can store the energy and it can dissipate this energy to
the circuit when ever required.
Circuits with capacitors depend on the frequency, so can be used
to amplify certain frequencies.
It allows high frequencies and so it can be used as a filters either
to filter low frequencies or to collect high frequencies
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Equations and formulas:
v= Voltage, i = Current, R= Resistance, =density, l=length, A=Area ,P= Power,
E=Energy, C=capacitance, q = charge,

Resistance (R)

Inductance (L)
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Equations and formulas:
v= Voltage, i = Current, R= Resistance, =density, l=length, A=Area ,P= Power,
E=Energy, C=capacitance, q = charge,

Capacitance (C)
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Example: Using KCL, determine the relationship between the input current ii
and the output current io of the electrical network of Figure.
Solution: Based on KCL, the following current balance equations can be
written at nodes a, b, c, d, e, and f of Figure
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Example:
Use KVL to derive the mathematical model of the single-mesh electrical
circuit of following figure
Control Systems - Mathematical Models

The control systems can be represented with a


set of mathematical equations known
as mathematical model. These models are useful
for analysis and design of control systems. The
following mathematical models are mostly used.
• Differential equation model
• Transfer function model
• State space model
Control Systems - Mathematical Models

Example
Consider the following electrical system as shown in the following figure.
Mesh equation for this circuit is

Substitute, the current passing through capacitor in the above equation.


Control Systems - Mathematical Models

Transfer Function:

If x(t) and y(t) are the input and output of an LTI system, then the corresponding
Laplace transforms are X(s) and Y(s)
Therefore, the transfer function of LTI system is equal to the ratio of Y(s) and X(s)
Control Systems - Mathematical Models

Apply Laplace transform on both sides.

Where, Vi(s) is the Laplace transform of the input voltage


Vo(s) is the Laplace transform of the output voltage
Control Systems - Mathematical Models

The above equation is a transfer function of the


second order electrical system. The transfer
function model of this system is shown below.
Example 1: Find the transfer function of electrical network

(t) = 1/c ∫i2(t) dt (2)


(t) (3)

Apply LT in equation (1), (2) and (3)


(4)
(t) = I2(s) /sC (5)
(s) = (6)
Put values of I(s), and I2(s) in equation 4
)
+ (s)
(s)/ = 1/(s2LC+ sL/R +1)
Control Systems - Mathematical Models
Example 2: Obtain the transfer function of following
electrical circuit
At node 1:
=0
Apply Laplace transform
=0

At node 2

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