QUANTUM TELEPORTATION (& COMPUTING)

Submitted By :: Kamal Jeet M.Tech.(P) CSE Roll No: 11097158

What is Teleportation ?
Teleportation means::

A person or object disappears while an exact replica appears immediately at some distant location.
Types of Teleportation :: 1) Classical Facsimile Teleportation 2) Quantum Teleportation

Classical v/s Quantum Teleportation

Parameter

Classical Teleportation

Quantum Teleportation Destroyed Possible Used

Original Object Remains Intact. after Teleportation Practical Implementation Entanglement Not Possible Not Used

Quantum Effects
Model Design

Not considered
Very Simple

Considered
Very Complex

Classical Teleportation

Original and Teleported object both remain intact !! Works like a 3-D Fax Machine.But its not practically possible.WHY ?

Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle

The more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versa. -- Heisenberg (1927)

Quantum mechanics strongly limits the precision with which the properties of moving subatomic particles can be measured. An observer can precisely measure one of position or momentum, but not both !!

Quantum Teleportation

According to the uncertainty principle, the more accurately an object is scanned, the more it is disturbed by the scanning process, until one reaches a point where the object's original state has been completely disrupted, still without having extracted enough information to make a perfect replica.But, IBM computer scientist Charles Bennet and his team found out a way to perform Quantum Teleportation. HOW ?

Quantum Teleportation Process

Future Applications of Quantum Teleportation

1)Data Communication (Quantum Communication) 2)Data Encryption (Quantum Cryptography) 3)Quantum Computing 4)Quantum Internet 5)Quantum Memory

Univ. Of InnsBruck Experiment (1997)

UV pulse hits Crystal twice EPR pairs 2,3 and 1,4 are created Photon 2 is sent to Alice and 3 is sent to Bob 25% of the time, Photons 1 and 3 head towards different detectors f1 and f2 Photon 1 loses its original identity and gets entangled with photon 2 Message sent by Alice when each detector detects one photon Bob checks Polarization of photon 3 (=polarization of 1) Quantum Teleportation of Photon 1 is achieved !

Data Communication
Deduced from the basic principles of quantum mechanics, it is possible to transfer the quantum state from one particle onto another over arbitrary distances. Quantum communication has been done across a record 144 km using a process that could one day be used to send messages across space with absolute secrecy !

Quantum Cryptography
The most obvious practical application for Quantum Teleportation is in cryptology

Quantum cryptography, or quantum key distribution (QKD), uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random bit string known only to them, which can be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages.
An important and unique property of quantum cryptography is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental part of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies.

Quantum Computing
Today's computers, like a Turing machine, work by manipulating bits that exist in one of two states: a 0 or a 1. Quantum computers aren't limited to two states; they encode information as quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in superposition.

This superposition of qubits is what gives quantum computers their inherent parallelism.

Quantum computers will one day replace silicon chips, just like the transistor once replaced the vacuum tube.

Recent Developments in Quantum Computing

2001 Scientists from IBM and Stanford University successfully demonstrated Shor's Algorithm on a quantum computer. Shor's Algorithm is a method for finding the prime factors of numbers (which plays an intrinsic role in cryptography). They used a 7-qubit computer to find the factors of 15. The computer correctly deduced that the prime factors were 3 and 5. 2005 The Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information at the University of Innsbruck announced that scientists had created the first qubyte, or series of 8 qubits, using ion traps.

Quantum Computing
A pure qubit state is a linear superposition of those two states. This means that the qubit can be represented as a linear combination of |0) and |1) :

|psi) = |0) + |1)

where and are probability amplitudes and can in general both be complex numbers.

When we measure this qubit in the standard basis, the probability of outcome |0) is | |^2 and the probability of outcome |1) is | |^2. Because the absolute squares of the amplitudes equate to probabilities, it follows that and must be constrained by the equation
||^2 + ||^2 = 1 simply because this ensures you must measure either one state or the other.

Quantum Computing

09/19/10 10:46

Recent Developments in Quantum Computing

2006 Scientists in Waterloo and Massachusetts devised methods for quantum control on a 12-qubit system. Quantum control becomes more complex as systems employ more qubits.

2007 Canadian startup company D-Wave demonstrated a 16-qubit quantum computer. The computer solved a sudoku puzzle and other pattern matching problems.

D-Wave's 16-qubit quantum computer

Uses of Quantum Computing

Quantum computers could also be used to search large databases in a fraction of the time that it would take a conventional computer. Other applications could include using quantum computers to study quantum mechanics, or even to design other quantum computers.

Solving Real World problems in extremely less time as compared to conventional computers. e.g. A conventional computer will take 10 billion years to find prime factors of a 200 digit no. !! But a quantum Computer can do it in 2 hours ! (Peter Shors Algorithm )

Quantum Computers v/s Classical Computers

Parameter Memory Unit Computational Complexity Quantum Comp. Bit Exponentially fast Quantum Entanglement Foolproof Ultra-secure and Super-dense Classical Comp. Qubit Slow Silicon Chips and Semiconductors Not Foolproof Slow No

Based on
Encryption Data Communication

Molecular Simulations Teleportation

Yes(To study Quantum effects) Yes

No

Quantum Internet
A quantum Internet can transfer software and data between future (and futuristic) quantum computers, which could outperform ordinary computers by running multiple operations at once, in superposition. And the network could lead to new kinds of social interactions such as letting quantum physics pick a presidential candidate who pleases the most voters or allowing people to donate to a cause based on whether others donate as well and do so with absolute secrecy. Quantum Internet is basically a network of Quantum Computers operating on the basic concept of Quantum Teleportation.Using Quantum Teleportation, we can teleport qubits directly from one place to other with no travel time required at all !! This will lead to incredibly fast data transmission rates between different Quantum computing stations which have Teleportation apparatus at each end !!!

Quantum Memory
In Quantum Memory, a Q.Computer randomly assignes data to one quantum state in a single (cesium) atom. Using a pulse of ultrashort, intense laser light, the information is stored in the assigned quantum state by flipping the quantum phase or literally inverting the quantum wave for that state. Less than one nanosecond or billionth of a second later, the same atom was hit by a second laser pulse, which located the stored data by amplifying the flipped quantum state and suppressing all other states in the wave packet. It is speculated that quantum data registers would be a faster, more efficient way to store and retrieve data than the binary system we use today, because the rules of quantum mechanics allow you to search many locations simultaneously.

Conclusion

Quantum teleportation has opened many doors for future advancement in Computer science and technology. As we learn more and more about the true nature of the universe, more applications and effects of physical phenomena can be used in newer, more exciting ways to develop path-breaking technologies which will bring revolution in the field of COMPUTERS.

References
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer2.htm http://www.research.ibm.com/quantuminfo/teleportation/ http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/Releases/2000/Jan00/r012000b.html http://io9.com/387712/quantum-internet.htm http://www.qcaustralia.org/introqc.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Teleportation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Cryptography

Thank You !!!

Any Questions ???