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Lecture 6 TCPIP

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Lecture 6 TCPIP

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ahmedmangi543
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Chapter No 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-

Based Lecture #06

Applications
•TE-256
•Computer Communication
& Networking

Compiled By:
Imran Khan
Dawood University of Engineering & Technology
Department of Telecommunication Engineering imran.khan@@duet.edu.pk
TCP/IP
MODEL
Operation of TCP/IP
Host to Network Layer
• This layer corresponds with the Data Link and Physical layers of the
OSI model.

• Similar to Physical layer and data link layer which we already


discussed in OSI model
Internet Layer
• Internet layer is similar to network layer of OSI model in functionality.
• This layer is responsible for delivering IP packets to their destinations.
• An important protocol of this layer is IP(Internet Protocol).
Internet Protocol (IP)
 The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and addressing
packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct
destination
 Data traversing the Internet is divided into smaller pieces, called packets.
 IP information is attached to each packet, and this information helps routers to send
packets to the right place.
 Every device or domain that connects to the Internet is assigned an IP address, and as
packets are directed to the IP address attached to them, data arrives where it is needed.
 Once the packets arrive at their destination, they are handled differently depending on
which transport protocol is used in combination with IP.
 The most common transport protocols are TCP and UDP
Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
• An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to a device or domain
that connects to the Internet.
• Each IP address is a series of characters, such as '192.168.1.1’.
• DNS translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses, users
can access websites without memorizing this complex series of
characters.
• Each IP packet will contain both the IP address of the device or
domain sending the packet and the IP address of the intended
recipient, much like how both the destination address and the return
address are included on a piece of mail.
Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
Communication Between These Protocols
• UNICAST
• Unicast is the term used to describe communication where a piece of information is sent
from one point to another point. In this case there is just one sender, and one receiver.

• BROADCAST
• Broadcast is the term used to describe communication where a piece of information is
sent from one point to all other points. In this case there is just one sender, but the
information is sent to all connected receivers.

• MULTICAST
• Multicast is the term used to describe communication where a piece of information is
sent from one or more points to a set of other points. In this case there is may be one or
more senders, and the information is distributed to a set of receivers (there may be no
receivers, or any other number of receivers).
Protocols run in IP layer
ARP /RARP
• The address resolution protocol (arp) is a protocol used by the Internet
Protocol (IP) , specifically IPv4, to map IP network addresses to the
hardware addresses used by a data link protocol.
• The protocol operates below the network layer as a part of the interface
between the OSI network and OSI link layer.
• If the IP address is not found in the ARP table, the system will then send a
broadcast packet to the network using the ARP protocol to ask "who has
192.168.1.1". Because it is a broadcast packet, it is sent to a special MAC
address that causes all machines on the network to receive it
• There is also Reverse ARP (RARP)which can be used by a host to discover its
IP address.
IGMP( Internet Group Management Protocol)
• The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a
communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4
networks to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is an
integral part of IP multicast.
• IGMP can be used for one-to-many networking applications such as
online streaming video and gaming, and allows more efficient use of
resources when supporting these types of applications.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)


• The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a supporting
protocol in the Internet protocol suite. It is used by network devices,
including routers, to send error messages and operational information
indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or
that a host or router could not be reached.
Transport Layer:
• Transport layer is similar in functionality to transport layer of OSI
model.
• Transport layer of TCP/IP model also provides connection oriented
and connectionless services.

• 1) Connection Oriented – TCP(Transmission Control Protocol),


• 2) SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol
• 3) Connection Less – UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
SCTP
• SCTP is a connection-oriented protocol, similar to TCP, but provides
message-oriented data transfer, similar to UDP
• SCTP’s sequence delivery is acted in the stream. If disorder happened
in one stream, the stream will wait till all packages in order before
reporting to next section. And this won’t effect other stream.

Attribute TCP UDP SCTP


Reliability Reliable Unreliable Reliable
Connection Management Connection-oriented Connectionless Connection-oriented
Flow Control Yes No Yes
Congestion Control Yes No Yes
Data Delivery Strictly Ordered Unordered Partially ordered
Security Yes Yes Improved
Application Layer:

• This layer is the combination of Application, Presentation and Session layer of the OSI
model.

• This layer provides various services to different user applications.

• Application layer includes several high-level protocols that are used for wide variety of
applications like:

• TELNET(Terminal Network):
• FTP(File Transfer Protocol):
• HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

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