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ICT Lecture 26 28 (Functions)

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7 views18 pages

ICT Lecture 26 28 (Functions)

Uploaded by

madiha yousaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSC 101 – Applications of Information

and Communication Technology


Functions can be used to define
Introduction reusable code and organize and
simplify code.
 Suppose that you need to find the sum of integers from 1 to 10, 20 to 37, and
35 to 49.
 If you create a program to add these three sets of numbers, your code might
look like this:

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Functions can be used to define
Introduction reusable code to organize and
simplify code.

 The preceding code can be simplified by using functions, as follows:

3
A function definition consists of
Defining a the function’s name, parameters,
Function and body.

 The syntax for defining a function is as follows:


def functionName(list of parameters)
# Function body

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A function definition consists of
Defining a the function’s name, parameters,
Function and body.

 A function contains a header and body.


 The header begins with the def keyword, followed by the
function’s name and parameters, and ends with a colon.
 The variables in the function header are known as formal
parameters or simply parameters.
 A parameter is like a placeholder: When a function is invoked, you
pass a value to the parameter.
▪ This value is referred to as an actual parameter or argument.
▪ Parameters are optional; that is, a function may not have any parameters.
▪ For example, the random.random() function has no parameters.
 Some functions return a value, while other functions perform desired
operations without returning a value. If a function returns a value, it
is called a value-returning function.
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Calling a function executes
Calling a Function the code in the function.

 In a function’s definition, you define what it is to do.


 To use a function, you have to call or invoke it.
 The program that calls the function is called a caller.
 There are two ways to call a function, depending on whether
or not it returns a value.

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Calling a function executes
Calling a Function the code in the function.

 If the function returns a value, a call to that function is


usually treated as a value.
 For example,
larger = max(3, 4)
 calls max(3, 4) and assigns the result of the function to the variable larger.
 Another example of a call that is treated as a value is
print(max(3, 4))
 which prints the return value of the function call max(3, 4).
 If a function does not return a value, the call to the function
must be a statement.
 For example, the print function does not return a value. The
following call is a statement:
print("Programming is fun!")
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Functions with/without Return Values

 A function does not have to return a value.


 Such a function is commonly known as a void function in programming terminology.

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The scope of a variable is the
The Scope of part of the program where the
Variables variable can be referenced.

 A variable created inside a function is referred to as a local


variable.
 Local variables can only be accessed within a function.
 The scope of a local variable starts from its creation and continues to
the end of the function that contains the variable.
 In Python, you can also use global variables. They are created
outside all functions and are accessible to all functions in
their scope.

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The scope of a variable is the
The Scope of part of the program where the
Variables variable can be referenced.

 A global variable is created in


line 1.
 It is accessed within the
function in line 4 and outside
the function in line 8.
 A local variable is created in
line 3.
 It is accessed within the
function in line 5.
 Attempting to access the
variable from outside of the
function causes an error in
line 9.
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Python provides many useful
Common Python functions for common
Functions programming tasks.

 A function is a group of statements that performs a


specific task.
 Python, as well as other programming languages,
provides a library of functions.
 You have already used the functions eval, input,
print, and int.
 These are built-in functions and they are always
available in the Python interpreter.

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Common Python Functions

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Common Python Functions
''' Simple Python builtin functions
'''
num1, num2, num3 = -3, 16, 7.2
absNum = abs(num1) # Returns the absolute value
print ("Absolute value = ",absNum)

maxNum = max(num1, num2, num3) # Returns the maximum number


print("Maximum number = ", maxNum)

numPow = pow(num2, num3) # Same as num2 ** num3


print("numPow = ", numPow)

numR = round(num3) # Rounds to its nearest integer


numRd = round(3.1456, 3) # Rounds to 3 digits after the decimal
point
print("numR = ", numR , " numRd upto 3 = ", numRd)

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Mathematical Functions

import math # import math module to use the math functions

#Test algebraic functions


print("log10(10, 10) =", math.log(10, 10))
print("sqrt(4.0) =", math.sqrt(4))

# Test trigonometric functions


print("tan(PI / 2) =", math.sin(math.pi/2))
print("degrees(1.57) =", math.degrees(1.57))
print("radians(90) =", math.radians(90))

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