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1.2 - Computer Components

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1.2 - Computer Components

Uploaded by

ezedean.dahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Computer

Components

ICS 3U0
Today’s Agenda
Internal Components

Specifications of Components

Input/Output Devices
Internal Components
• CPU
• RAM
• ROM
• Cache
• Hard Drive
• Power Supply
• Video/Sound
Cards
• Motherboard
Internal Components … CPU
 Most instructions are handled by the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– the “brains of the computer”.

 On most home computers, the CPU is housed


in a single chip called a microprocessor.

 The CPU determines the computer's power and


speed. The clock or processor speed is the speed
at which a CPU can execute instructions measured in (GHz).

 Popular CPU vendors are Intel, AMD and VIA.


Internal Components – RAM
 Random Access Memory (RAM) is the
place in a computer where the operating
system, applications, and data in current
use are kept so that they can be quickly
reached by the computer's processor.

 RAM is much faster to read from and


write to than other kinds of storage such
as the hard disk.

 The data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running.
Turn computer off ->RAM loses its data. Turn computer on -> OS and
other files are once again loaded into RAM, usually from your hard
disk.
Internal Components - ROM
Read Only Memory (ROM)
is computer memory that can
permanently store data and
applications within it.

There are various types of ROM with names like EPROM


(Eraseable ROM) or EEPROM (Electrically Eraseable ROM). The
EEPROM chip is typically used for the computer BIOS which
contain instructions and setup for how your system should boot
and operate.

Unlike RAM, when a computer is powered down, the contents of


the ROM are not lost.
Internal Components … Cache
 Cache memory is a specialized high-speed, high-
performance memory that is integrated into the CPU.

 Because it is fast and efficient, recent program


instructions are stored in cache so that they can be
executed quickly.

 Cache memory is expensive, so most computers have


a small cache.
Internal Components – Hard Drive
 Hard drives consist of one or
more metallic platters.
A read/write head magnetizes
sectors to store data.

 Program instructions or data


are stored until it is overwritten.

 Hard drive capacities are


typically between 500 gigabytes (GB) and 2 terrabytes (TB).

 Newer hard drives may be solid-state drives, similar to flash


memory.
Internal Components – Power Supply
Power supplies connects computer
to external power such as
wall outlet or battery

Changes power into a form useful


to various components on motherboard

Many internal components require


different electrical voltages and
currents
Internal Components – Sound and Video
Some computers have dedicated sound and
video controllers to display graphics and text to a
monitor.

Other computers may use separate cards, which


have more memory or on-board processors.

This allows for more powerful graphics or sound-


processing capabilities.
Internal Components – Motherboard
 Inside the case , you will find all of
the components we talked about
so far. These internal components
are all connected to a large circuit
board called the motherboard.

 The motherboard connects


most of the internal components,
including any microprocessors,
integrated circuits, and on-board
controllers.

 Motherboards also typically provide connections for common


peripheral devices as well.
Input/Output Devices
 I/O devices allow the computer to communicate with the
outside world.

 Some typical I/O devices include:

 data: floppy disk (largely obsolete), CD/DVD burner, USB flash

drive
 input: keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical scanner, light pen,

touch panel, or microphone


 output: CRT monitor, LCD panel, printer, speakers

 communication: modems, network units


Common Input/Output Devices
Exercises – Computer Components

Complete Exercise 1.2 – Computer


Components

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