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Calculus 2

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14 views87 pages

Calculus 2

Uploaded by

Joshua Manzanades
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CALCULUS 2

PART 2: APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Analytic Geometry is a branch of algebra, a great invention of Descartes
and Fermat, which deals with the modelling of some geometrical
objects, such as lines, points, curves, and so on. It is a mathematical
subject that uses algebraic symbolism and methods to solve the
problems. It establishes the correspondence between the
algebraic equations and the geometric curves. The alternate term which
is used to represent the analytic geometry is “coordinate Geometry”.
INTRODUCTION
It covers some important topics such as midpoints and distance, parallel
and perpendicular lines on the coordinate plane, dividing line segments,
distance between the line and a point, and so on. The study of analytic
geometry is important as it gives the knowledge for the next level of
mathematics. It is the traditional way of learning the logical thinking
and the problem solving skills.
STRAIGHT LINE
𝑥 + 𝑦 =1
𝑥 − 𝑦 =1
3 𝑥 + 2 𝑦= − 4
CONICS
APPLICATION
Please remember the lessons all about definite integration.

Use desmos to visualize the graph. Don’t use it on test and


examinations.
PLANE AREA(USING RECTANGULAR
COORDINATE SYSTEM)
General formula: or

(a) Using vertical strip

(b) Using horizontal strip

Tip: Strip
EXPLAINATION
Solving

1. If the function is conic, change it into a standard form and if the


function is a line, change it into an intersect form.
2. Find the limits. (or the intersections of the functions)
3. Draw the graphs.
4. Decide which is the best strip (horizontal or vertical) must be use.
5. Find the functions (in f(y) or f(x)).
6. Solve the area using the formula for the strip.
TIPS ON DRAWING A FUNCTION
1. Find the center(for conics) or intercepts of a line of the functions.
2. Find the intersection of all functions.
3. If the function is in trinomial, exponential, or trigonometry, use the
table function in the scientific calculator.
MODE 7 *WRITE THE EXACT FUNCTION*(START?) --  (END?) --
(STEP?) --  =
4. You can also use maxima and minima to graph the function.
5. Use desmos to check your graph.
https://www.desmos.com/calculator and there’s also an app.
EXAMPLES
1
𝐴𝑛𝑠 : 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
3
𝐴𝑛𝑠:3.5092𝑠𝑞.𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
64
𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑠𝑞 .𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3
EXAMPLES
1. Find the area bounded by the curve and the x-axis.
(Ans: )

2. Find the area bounded by the curve ; the x-axis and the line . (Ans: )

3. Find the area bounded by the curve and the line


.
(Ans: )
EXAMPLES
4. Solve the area bounded by the curve and the lines
and . (Ans: )

5. Find the area between the curves and .


(Ans: )

6. Find each of the two areas bounded by the curves and . (Ans:
ASSIGNMENT
VOLUME OF SOLID OF REVOLUTION
METHODS
1. DISK METHOD
Rules:
1. The axis of rotation is a part of the boundary of the plane area.
2. The element chosen must be perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
h
2. RING OR WASHER DISK METHOD
Rules:
1. The axis of rotation is not a part of the boundary of the plane area.
2. The element chosen must be perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

Tip: Graph
EXPLAINATION
EXAMPLES
Determine the volume of the solid obtained by
rotating the region bounded by , and the x-axis
about the x-axis.
Ans:
Determine the volume of the solid obtained by
rotating the portion of the region bounded by that
lies in the first quadrant about the y-axis.
Ans:
Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region
bounded by about the line
Ans:
Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region
bounded by and about the line
Ans:
ASSIGNMENT
3. SHELL METHOD
Rules:
1. The axis of rotation may or may not be a part of the boundary of the
rotated area.
2. The element chosen must be parallel to the axis of rotation.

Tip: Graph
(a) Using vertical strip

(b) Using horizontal strip


ASSIGNMENT
WORK
• In a first course in Physics you typically look at the work that a constant force, F, does when moving an
object over a distance of d. In these cases the work is,

• However, most forces are not constant and will depend upon where exactly the force is acting. So, let’s
suppose that the force at any x is given by F (x). Then the work done by the force in moving an object from x
= a to x = b is given by,

Notice that if the force is constant we get the correct formula for a constant force.
SPRING

Where:
W = work done of the spring, Joules(J)
k = spring constant, Newton/meter (N/m)

= the difference of length of the original to the initial length , meter (m)
= the difference of length of the original to the final length , meter (m)
EXAMPLES
𝐴𝑛𝑠:1.98 𝐽
a. 387500 lb-ft
b. 262500 lb-ft
c. 650000 lb-ft
ASSIGNMENT
ARCLENGHT
a. if the function is f(x)

a. if the function is f(y)

Tip: Limits
EXPLAINATION
Please memorize again the derivatives.
EXAMPLES
𝐴𝑛𝑠:0.8814𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
𝐴𝑛𝑠:1.1478𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
ASSIGNMENT
PAPPUS THEOREM
First proposition: The surface area of revolution is equal to the length
of the generating arc times the circumference of the circle described by
the centroid of the arc, provided the axis of revolution does not cross
the generating arc.
a. Rotation about x-axis

b. Rotation about y-axis

Tip: Graph
EXAMPLES
𝐴𝑛𝑠:24𝜋𝑠𝑞.𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐴𝑛𝑠:199.48𝑠𝑞.𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
ASSIGNMENT
CENTROID OF PLANE AREA

tip: Strip
(for horizontal strip)
(for vertical strip)
For f(x) and an axis
Vertical strip:
Two functions
Vertical strip:
For f(y) and an axis
Horizontal strip:
Two functions
Horizontal strip:
EXAMPLES
1. Find the centroid of the region bounded by the curves Ans:
2. Find the centroid of the region bounded by the curves Ans:
3. Determine the ordinate of the centroid of the area bounded by the
parabola line Ans: y=3
CENTROID OF A SOLID OF
REVOLUTION
For disk or washer method

For shell method


EXAMPLES
1. Find the centroid of the solid formed if the area in the first quadrant
of the curve the y-axis and the line is revolved about the line Ans: (1.8,
6)
2. Find the centroid of the solid formed if the area in the first quadrant
of the curve , the y-axis and the line is revolved about the y-axis. Ans:
(0, 9.6)
PAPPUS THEOREM
Second proposition: The volume of the solid revolution is equal to the
generating area times the circumference of the circle described by the
centroid of the area, provided the axis of revolution does not cross the
generating area. (Its for regular shaped)
EXAMPLES
1. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the area
bounded by the curve about the line .
Ans:
2. Find the volume of solid generated by revolving the area bounded by
and about the y-axis.
Ans:
MOMENT OF INERTIA
is the measure of the ability of a material (ex. beam) to resist bending.
a. Respect to x-axis

b. Respect to y-axis
EXAMPLES
1. What is the moment of inertia of the area in the first quadrant
bounded by the curves , x-axis and the line with respect to the x-
axis? Ans: 16/15
2. Find the moment of inertia of the area bounded by
with respect to the y-axis. Ans: 1.5 x 10^7

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