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Ensuring Integrity and Availability - Lecture - 3

network intergrity

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Ebenezer Komla Gavua
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22 views

Ensuring Integrity and Availability - Lecture - 3

network intergrity

Uploaded by

Ebenezer Komla Gavua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Backup

Data Backup
• Backup
• Copies of data or program files
• Created for archiving, safekeeping
• Store off site
• Without backup
• You risk losing everything
• Many backup options available
• Performed by different software and hardware
• Use different storage media types
• Can be controlled by NOS utilities, third-party
software
Backup Media and Methods
• Selecting backup media, methods
• Several approaches
• Each has advantages and disadvantages
• Ask questions to select appropriate solution
Optical Media
• Media storing digitized data
• Uses laser to write data, read data
• Examples
• CDs, DVDs
• Backup requirements
• Recordable CD or DVD drive, software utility
• CD-R (compact disc-recordable)
• Written to once, stores 650 MB data
• CD-RW (compact disc-rewriteable)
• Used more than once, stores 650 MB data
Optical Media (cont’d.)
• CD backups
• Simple to restore from
• Standard format
• Relatively low storage capacity
• Recordable DVD
• 4.7 GB on one single-layered side
• Double-layered, two-sided DVD
• Store up to 17 GB of data
• Several different formats
Optical Media (cont’d.)
• Disadvantage
• Writing data takes longer than other media
• Requires more human intervention
Tape Backups
• Copying data to magnetic tape
• Relatively simple
• Stores very large data amounts
• Requirements
• Tape drive connected to network
• Management software
• Backup media
Tape Backups (cont’d.)

Figure 14-12 Tape backup media


Tape Backups (cont’d.)
• Small network
• Stand-alone tape drives attached to each server
• Large network
• One large, centralized tape backup device
• Manages all subsystems’ backups
• Extremely large environments
• Robots retrieve, circulate tapes from vault
• Tape storage library
External Disk Drives
• Removable disk drives
• Attached temporarily to computer
• USB, PCMCIA, FireWire, CompactFlash port
• Simple to use
• Save, share data
• Temporary drive appears like any other drive
• Large data capacity
• Backup control features, higher storage capacity, faster read-write access
• Example: Iomega REV drive
Network Backups
• Save data to another place on network
• Different server, another WAN location
• SAN, NAS storage device
• Online backup
• Saves data across Internet
• To another company’s storage array
• Implement strict security measures
• Automated backup, restoration processes
• Online back up provider evaluation
• Test speed, accuracy, security, recovery
Backup Strategy
• Goal
• Perform reliable backups providing maximum data protection
• Documented in common area
• Accessible by all IT staff
• Address various questions
• Archive bit
• File attribute
• Checked to set on or off
• On indicates file must be archived
Backup Methods
• Full backup
• All data copied
• Uncheck archive bits
• Uses the most tape and time
• Easiest restoration (play one tape)
• Incremental backup
• Copy data changed since last full or incremental backup
• Uncheck archive bits
• Uses the least tape and time
• Most complex recovery--must play many tapes
Backup Methods
• Differential backup
• Copy only data changed since last backup
• All data marked for subsequent backup
• Does not uncheck archive bits
• Uses less tape and time than a Full Backup, but more than an Incremental
Backup
• Data recovery requires two tapes
Backup Strategy (cont’d.)
• Determine best backup rotation scheme
• Plan specifying when and how often backups occur
• Goal
• Provide excellent data reliability without overtaxing network, requiring intervention
• Grandfather-Father-Son
• Uses backup sets
• Daily (son)
• Weekly (father)
• Monthly (grandfather)
Figure 14-13 The Grandfather-Father-Son backup rotation scheme

• Grandfather-Father-Son (cont’d.)
• Three backup types performed each month:
• Daily incremental (every Monday through Thursday)
• Weekly full (every Friday)
• Monthly full (last day of the month)
Backup Strategy (cont’d.)
• Ensure backup activity recorded in backup log
• Backup date
• Tape identification
• Type of data backed up,
• Type of backup
• Files backed up
• Site where tape stored
• Establish regular verification schedule
Disaster Recovery
Disaster Recovery
• Disaster recovery
• Restoring critical functionality, data
• After enterprise-wide outage
• Affecting more than single system, limited group
• Consider possible extremes
• Hurricane, fire, etc.
• Not relatively minor outages, failures, security breaches, data corruption
Disaster Recovery Planning
• Accounts for worst-case scenarios
• Identifies disaster recovery team
• Provides contingency plans
• Restore and replace:
• Computer systems
• Power
• Telephony systems
• Paper-based files
• Contains various sections
• Related to computer systems
• Lessens critical data loss risk
Disaster Recovery Contingencies
• Cold site
• Components necessary to rebuild network exist
• Not appropriately configured, updated, or connected
• Warm site
• Components necessary to rebuild network exist
• Some appropriately configured, updated, and connected
• Hot site
• Components necessary to rebuild network exist
• All are appropriately configured, updated, and connected
• Match network’s current state

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