Scribd
Upload
18 views

Voltage Division Theorem

Uploaded by

Joseph Raya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

Voltage Division Theorem

Uploaded by

Joseph Raya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT


DIVISION THEOREM
VOLTAGE DIVISION THEOREM (VDT)
Principle of voltage division – in a series circuit the voltage is divided among
the resistors in direct proportion to their resistance; the larger the resistance the
larger the voltage drop.
𝑉 1 = 𝐼𝑅1 , 𝑉 2 = 𝐼𝑅 2 Eq. 1
• If we apply KVL to the loop (moving in the clockwise
direction), we have:
−𝑉 𝑡 +𝑉 1+𝑉 2 =0 Eq. 2
• Combining Eqs. 1 and 2
𝑉 =𝑉 1 +𝑉 2=𝐼 ( 𝑅 1+ 𝑅2 ) Eq. 3
or
𝑉
𝐼= Eq. 4
𝑅1 + 𝑅 2
• Notice that Eq. (3) can be written as
𝑉 =𝐼 𝑅𝑡
• Implying that the two resistors can be replaced by an
equivalent resistor ; that is,
𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 +… + 𝑅𝑛 Eq. 5
VOLTAGE DIVISION THEOREM (VDT)
Principle of voltage division – in a series circuit the voltage is divided among
the resistors in direct proportion to their resistance; the larger the resistance the
larger the voltage drop.
To determine the voltage across each resistor substitute eq. 1
and 4:
𝑉 𝑡 𝑅1 𝑉 𝑡 𝑅2
𝑉 1= ; 𝑉 2=
𝑅1 + 𝑅 2 𝑅1 + 𝑅 2

In general, if a voltage divider has N resistors (,,…, ) in series


with the source voltage , the nth resistor (Rn) will have a
voltage drop of:
A single-loop circuit with two resistors 𝑉 𝑡 𝑅𝑛
in series. This circuit is also called
𝑉 𝑛=
𝑅 1+ 𝑅2 +… + 𝑅𝑛
voltage divider.
EXAMPLE 1:
A 10, 15 and 20 ohm resistor are connected in series across a 48-V source.
What is the voltage across the 15 ohm resistor?
CURRENT DIVISION THEOREM (CDT)
𝐼 𝑡 𝑅2 𝐼 𝑡 𝑅1
𝐼 1= ; 𝐼2 =
𝑅1 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 1 + 𝑅2

Remember:
If there are more than two resistors in parallel, reduce
first the circuit in two resistors in parallel before applying
CDT
where is the equivalent resistance of the resistors in
parallel:
1 1 1 1 𝑅 1+ 𝑅2 𝑅 𝑅
= + or = or 𝑅𝑡 = 1 2 Eq. 4
From Ohm’s Law 𝑅𝑡 𝑅 1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑡 𝑅 1 𝑅2 𝑅 1+ 𝑅2
𝑉𝑡 𝑉𝑡 THUS: The equivalent resistance of two parallel
𝐼 1= , 𝐼 2= Eq. 1
𝑅1 𝑅2 resistors is equal to the product of their resistances
divided by their sum.
Applying KCL at node a gives the total current I
as We know that the equivalent resistor has the same
𝐼 =𝐼 1+ 𝐼 2 Eq. 2 voltage, or
Substituting Eq. 1 into Eq. 2., we get 𝐼 𝑡 𝑅1 𝑅 2
𝑉 𝑡 =𝐼 𝑡 𝑅𝑡 = Eq. 5
𝑅 1+ 𝑅2

( )
𝑉𝑡 𝑉𝑡 1 1 𝑉𝑡
𝐼= + =𝑉 𝑡 + = Eq. 3 Combining Eqs. 1 and 5 results in
𝑅1 𝑅 2 𝑅 1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑡
EXAMPLE 2:

A 10-ohm and 20-ohm resistance are connected in parallel. Another resistance


of 5-ohm is connected in series with the two. If the supply voltage is 48 volts,
what is the current through the 10-ohm resistance?
SEATWORK
1. Two resistors are connected in series across a 24V supply and a current of
3A flows in the circuit. If one of the resistors has a resistance of 2Ω,
determine (a) the value of the other resistor, and (b) the p.d. across the 2Ω
resistor. If the circuit is connected for 50 hours, how much energy is used?
2. For the circuit shown in the Fig. calculate (a) the value of resistor such that
the total power dissipated in the circuit is 2.5kW, (b) the current flowing in
each of the four resistors. (a) 38Ω (b)
SOLUTION TO SEATWORK
1. Two resistors are connected in series across a 24V supply and a current of 3A flows in the
circuit. If one of the resistors has a resistance of 2Ω, determine (a) the value of the other
resistor, and (b) the p.d. across the 2Ω resistor. If the circuit is connected for 50 hours, how
much energy is used?
(a) Total resistance

Value of unknown resistance

(b) P.D. across 2Ω resistor,

Or

Used Energy
2. For the circuit shown in the Fig. calculate (a) the value of resistor such that
the total power dissipated in the circuit is 2.5kW, (b) the current flowing in
each of the four resistors.
Sol
Power dissipated

From Ohm’s Law


is the total Resistance, is connected in parallel, hence

So,
Current
HOMEWORK
1. Find Req or for the circuit shown in Fig. 1 2. Find and in the circuit shown in Fig. 2. Calculate the
power dissipated in the 3- resistor.

Fig.1 fig. 2
A 10, 15 and 20 ohm resistor are connected in series across a 48-V source.
What is the voltage across the 15 ohm resistor?
By VDT:
A 10-ohm and 20-ohm resistance are connected in parallel. Another resistance
of 5-ohm is connected in series with the two. If the supply voltage is 48 volts,
what is the current through the 10-ohm resistance?
1
𝑅𝑡 = 5+ =11.67 𝑜h𝑚𝑠
1 1
+
10 20

𝐸𝑡 48 𝑉
𝐼 𝑡= = =4.113 𝐴
𝑅 𝑡 11.67 𝑜h𝑚𝑠

By CDT:
𝐼 𝑡 (20) 4.113 (20)
𝐼 10 = = =2.74 𝐴
10+20 30

You might also like