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Music of the Medieval, Renaissance,
and Baroque Periods
Objectives
a. Describes the musical elements of selected vocal and instrumental music of
Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music; (MU9MRB -Ib-f-5)
b. Explains the performance practice (setting, composition, role of
composers/performers, and audience) during Medieval, Renaissance and
Baroque periods; MU9MRB -Ia-h-2
c. Relates Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music to other art forms and its
history within the era; (MU9MRB -Ic-f-3)
Name that Song!
Medieval Period
Medieval period is also called Middle Ages, which some say it
started in 800 CE but other authors stated that it began in 450 CE
and ended in 1450 CE.
The music during Medieval period was dominated by Roman
Catholic Church. In various monasteries singing for the liturgy of
the church was considered an important profession.
Music of Medieval Period
Chants
One of the greatest treasures of the Western civilization is the chants of
the Roman Church.
Before the middle of the 9th century, the Frankish empire established
the Gregorian chant --- the old Roman chant repertory that survived
from the manuscripts from Rome. The reorganization was attributed to
Pope Gregory I
Music of Medieval Period
Gregorian Chant is the church’s own music, born in the church’s
liturgy, its texts are almost entirely scriptural. For centuries, it was
sung as pure melody, in unison, monophonic and without
accompaniment (vocal and performed a cappella).
It was composed entirely in Latin. Gregorian chant is free rhythm,
without meter or time signature. Ever type of liturgical text has been
set in chant: readings, prayers, dialogs, Mass proper’s, Mass
ordinaries, and vesicles. This referred to after Pope St. Gregory the
Great.
Music of Medieval Period
Example of Gregorian Chant
Music of Medieval Period
Melisma
Singing of a single syllable of text while moving between
several different notes in succession. It is also a passage with many
notes (roughly, more than 8) for a single syllable. Music sung in
this style is referred to as melismatic, as opposed to syllabic, where
each syllable of text is matched to a single note.
Music of Medieval Period
Music of Medieval Period
Melisma
Music of Medieval Period
Melisma
Music of Medieval Period
Drone
Consists of one or more long, sustained tones
accompanying a melody. The unchanging pitch that is held
beneath a melody and so serves as an aural reference point. Drones
are added by modern-day performers to some pieces.
Music of Medieval Period
Drone
Example
Composers of Medieval
Period
Troubadours and Trouveres – finders or inventors of song.
The verb trobar or trouver means “to find.”
Troubadours did not only create songs but sang them as
well. If they could not sing, they entrusted the
performance to a minstrel. Their songs are preserved in
chansonniers.
The pastorela or pastourelle is their favorite genre.
Composers of Medieval
Period
Troubadours and Trouveres – finders or inventors of song.
The verb trobar or trouver means “to find.”
Troubadours did not only create songs but sang them as
well. If they could not sing, they entrusted the
performance to a minstrel. Their songs are preserved in
chansonniers.
The pastorela or pastourelle is their favorite genre.
Adam De La Halle
01
02
Also known as Le Chansons and
Bossu or Hunchback. poetic debates
04 03
La Chanson du Jeu de Robin et
roi de Sicile de Marion
Renaissance Period
Renaissance, which means rebirth.
When society shifted from a sacred orientation to secular one,
this means man is the central figure in this era not God. This
rebirth was a human divine awakening.
It underscored the living man’s virtues.
Music of the
Renaissance Period
The music during this period is known for its modal
harmonies, a cappella pieces and imitative polyphony, as
composers turned to “word painting,” using music to express
ideas and emotions.
Music of the
Renaissance Period
Word painting
Musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal
meaning of a song.
For instance, words with a negative connotation such
as descending, death, ground, etc. will have a melody with a
downward movement of pitch.
While words with positive connotations such ascending,
birth, sky, etc. will have a melody with upward pitch motion.
Vocal Music of the
Renaissance Period
1. Polyphonic Masses – form of sacred music that dominated the renaissance
period. Masses are polyphonic, which means they had two or more melody
lines.
Five Main Section of Mass
a) Kyrie Eleison – prayer of mercy (Lord have mercy)
b) Gloria in excelsis Deo – praises God (Glory to God in the Highest)
c) Credo – confession of faith (Apostle’s Creed)
d) Sanctus and Benedictus - song about God’s holiness (Holy, holy, and Blesses
is He)
e) Agnus Dei – song that takes away the sins of the world (Lamb of God)
Vocal Music of the
Renaissance Period
1. Secular Chanson – secular genre that arose which composers wrote
polyphonic songs to enhance courtly poems. It was common for chanson
to have three voices and have at least one instrument playing a lower
voice. Composer Guillaume Du Fay and Robert Morton wrote Il sera
pour vous.
Vocal Music of the
Renaissance Period
A Madrigal is a 14th century Italian verse form, a polyphonic music
and musical setting that has two or three stanzas with secular text in the
vernacular language followed by ritornello
It is a music set to short, lyrical love poems, became a popular secular
genre during 16th century. Soloist and ensembles play instrumental
dance music. One of the greatest Italian madrigal composers is Claudio
Monteverdi with his piece A un giro sol.
Types of Madrigal
Elizabethan Madrigals – performed in rich people’s
homes.
Madrigal Proper – music is different all the time.
Ballet – sometimes danced as well as sung
Ayre - sung by solo voice with lute accompaniment
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
01
02
Fame arises from his Director of Julian Chapel
liturgical music. Choir at St. Peter’s
Basilica
04 03
Palestrina’s Pope Innovator of Renaissance
Marcellus Mass polyphony
Thomas Morley
01
02
First of the great Most famous secular
English Madrigalists composer of English
Renaissance.
04 03
Plaine and Easie Grafting the Italian shoot
Introduction to on to the native stock
Practicall Musicke
Baroque Period
The Baroque period can be divided into three phases: early
1600-1640, middle or high (1640-1680), and late (1680-1750).
George Frideric Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach were the
pinnacles of Baroque compositions.
Music of the Baroque
Period
Baroque music is heavily ornamented style of music that came out of
Renaissance. It is important to note that Baroque predated the classical
period.
New instruments were built, most notable of these were the pianoforte, a
precursor to the modern piano, as well as the truly superior violins. This
is a period of music that saw the birth of opera, which combined music
with drama, as well as concerto, sonata and cantata.
Music of the Baroque
Period
Baroque music has important features, these are; the focus on upper and
lower tones, the focus on layered melodies, and the increase in orchestra
size. Baroque composers focused heavily on upper and lower tones.
Composers require multiple violins in many places and with dynamic
contrast of alteration between loud and soft tones.
Music Genres of the
Baroque Period
Concerto Grosso – form of orchestral music that employs a large
ensemble of musicians.
Fugue – a piece of music that uses interwoven melodies based on a
single musical idea.
- usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with main theme called subject.
Music Genres of the
Baroque Period
Oratorios – a large-scale musical composition on a sacred
or semi-sacred subject for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra.
Chorale – metrical hymn tune associated in common
English usage with Lutheran church in Germany.
Johann Sebastian Bach
01 02
Known for his Bach- Brandenburg Concertos
Werke-Verzeichnis and the Goldberg
Variations, Vocal music
prefix.
such as Matthew Passion
and Mass in B minor.
04 03
The Well-Tempered Jesu, Joy of Man’s
Clavier Desiring
George Frideric Handel
01 02
Messiah, his most Produced several
famous oratorios in operas at the Royal
Academy of Music in
history.
England.
04
03
Almira is the first Europe’s leading
opera he composed. composer.
Thank You...
Do you have any question?
References
Concha, A. A., Ganzon, C.L. C., Tungala, J.S., Fulgencio, MG. (2018).
Achieve Creative Experiences and Skills in MAPEH.
The Sibs Publishing House Inc.
Esposo, M. F. L. (2019). Journey to MAPEH 9. Bulacan: KLEAFS Publishing.
Perez, V., Yap, J.C., Santos, JF. M., Sembrano, R. M. (2021).
MAPEH 9. St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation.
https://www.academia.edu/14703203/Unit_1_Music_of_Medieval_Reanissance_and_Baroque_Periods
