WIRELESS SENSOR

NETWORK

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS WITH

CURRENT RESEARCH AND CHALLENGES

Paper research by sangam sah, sagapam johny singh, prashant kumar singh, pradeep singh, raunak kumar singh. *Student , BCA VI Semester,
DPGITM, Gurugram, Harayana(India)

Under the guidence of Dr. Parli B. Hari Professor of Department of computer science From DPGITM
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK INDEX
01 Introduction

02 Types of wireless sensor Networks

03 Application of Wireless Sensor Networks

04 Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks

05 A Wireless Sensor Network Architecture

06 Communication structure of a wireless sensor network

07 Literature Review

08 conclusion and future projects

WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

INTRODUCTION

• A wireless Sensor Network (WSN) IS A Wireless

Network consisting of spatially distributed
autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively
monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or
pollutants, at different locations.
• A collection of Sensing devices that can communicate
wirelessly
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

TYPES OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

• Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks

• Underground Wireless Sensor Networks
• Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
• Multimedia Wireless Sensor Networks
• Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks MWSNs
 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

TERRESTRIAL WIRELESS SENSOR

NETWORKS

Terrestrial WSNs are used for communicating base stations efficiently, and comprise thousands of wireless sensor nodes deployed
either in an unstructured (ad hoc) or structured (Pre-planned) manner.
 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

UNDERGROUND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

In terms of deployment, maintenance, equipment cost considerations, and careful planning, underground wireless sensor networks
are more expensive than terrestrial WSNs.

The Underground Wireless sensor networks UWSNs comprises several sensory nodes that are hidden in the ground to observe
underground conditions.
 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

UNDERWATER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

About more than 70% of the earth’s planet is occupied with water. These networks contain several sensor nodes and vehicles
deployed underwater. Autonomous underwater devices and vehicles are used to collect data from these sensor nodes.
 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

MULTIMEDIA WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Multimedia wireless sensor networks are proposed to enable tracking and monitoring of events in the sort of multimedia, like
video, imaging, and audio.
 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

MOBILE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

MWSNS

Mobile WSNs networks comprise a group of sensor nodes that can be moved on their own and can be interacted with the physical
environment. The mobile nodes can also compute sense and communicate respectively.
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

APPLICATION OF WSNs
Intelligent towns: Intelligent estimation
01 Intelligent lighting: adaptive street lighting for smart and
02 • solar power plants: control and performance enhancement.
weather. And car and pedestrian traffic control for improving Photovoltaic plants.
routes for driving and walking. • Water flow: water pressure calculation in water transport
systems.

Environmental wisdom 5. Emergencies and security

03 Forest Fire Detection for Combustion gas control and
04 • Access monitoring perimeter: control of access and the
preventive fire conditions for warning areas.Landslide and identification of people in restricted areas in unauthorized
avoidance of volcanic eruption by tracking soil moisture, areas.
vibrations and soil density in land conditions to detect • Liquid Presence: fluid detection of cracks and corrosion at
hazardous trends. data centers, warehouses and sensitive building grounds.

Intelligent Water 6.The logistics industry

05 Tracking drinking water by monitoring tap water quality in
06 • Object location: search of objects on large surfaces, such as
cities. Identification of chemical leakage in rivers by detection storage facilities or port premises.
of leaks and waste from river plants. • Storage Incompatibility Detection: Pollution alert on
containers that hold flammable products that are closed to
other explosives.
 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

ISSUES IN WSN
01. Scalability 02 Production cost:

SNs differ in scale from some nodes to Because many deployment models consider
possibly several numbers. Furthermore, the the sensor nodes to be disposable devices,
deployment density is correspondingly sensor networks can compete with traditional
adjustable. In the process of gathering data information gathering approaches only if the
with high resolution, the node density could individual sensor nodes can be produced very
reach the extent where a node has numerous cheaply.
neighbours in their range of transmission.

03 Hardware Requirements 04 Power Consumption

At minimum, every sensor node needs to have The size of the nodes limits the size of the
a sensing unit, a processing unit, a battery. The software and hardware design
transmission unit, and a power supply. every needs to carefully consider the issues of
additional functionality comes with additional efficient energy use.
cost and increases the power consumption and
physical size of the node.
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK'S

ARCHITECTURE

01. Star Network

02. Mech Network

03. Hybrid star – Mesh network

WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

• STAR NETWORK

• A star network is a communications topology where a single base

station can send and/or receive a message to a number of remote
nodes.
• The remote nodes are not permitted to send messages to each other.
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

02. Mech Network

• A mesh network allows transmitting data to one node to

other node in the network that is within its radio
transmission range.
• It allows for what is known as multi-hop communications.
• This network topology has the advantage of redundancy and
scalability.
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

03. Hybrid star – Mesh network

• hybrid between the star and mesh network provides a robust

and versatile communications network, while maintaining the
ability to keep the wireless sensor nodes power consumption to
a minimum.
• In hybrid star-Mesh network topology, the sensor nodes with
lowest power are not enabled with the ability to forward
messages. This allows for minimal power consumption to be
maintained
 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

Communication structure of
a wireless sensor network

Power management:- How the sensor uses its power, e.g.

Turns off its circuitry after receiving a message.

Mobility Management:- Detects and registers the

movements of the sensor nodes.

Task Management:- Balances and schedules the sensing

tasks given to a specific region.
 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Kinza Shafique;Bilal A. Khawaja;Farah Sabir;Sameer Qazi;Muhammad Mustaqim. Internet of Things (IoT) for Next-Generation Smart Systems: A Review of Current
Challenges, Future Trends and Prospects for Emerging 5G-IoT Scenarios. Publish in year 2020 IEEE.[crossref]
• Zhanserik Nurlan;Tamara Zhukabayeva; Mohamed othman; Aigul Admova; Nurkhat Zhakiyev.Wireless Sensor Network as a Mesh: Vision and Challenges. Pulish 2022
IEEE.[crossref]
• Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor, Ituabhor Odesanya, Silas Soo Tyokighir, Rout George Kerry, Akinola Samson Olayinka and Ayodotun Oluwafemi Bobadoye.overview
of wireless sensor network Submitted: June 9th, 2020Reviewed: August 20th, 2020Published: October 6th, 2020[crossref]
• Types of sensor By Ravi Taej. April 2, 2021[electronicshub.org]
• Jianming Liu;Ziyan Zhao;Jerry Ji;Miaolong Hu Intelligent and Converged Networks. Research on wireless sensor network applicationn pulish on IEEE 2020[crossref]
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE PROJECTS
• WSN possible today due to technological advancement in
various domains
• Envisioned to become an essential part of our lives
• Design Constraints need to be satisfied for realization of
sensor network
• Tremendous research efforts being made in different layers of
WSNs protocal stack
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK
CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE PROJECTS

• Sensors controlling appliances and electrical devices in the

house.
• Better lighting and heating in office building.
• Control the surrounding with the help of cognitive sensing.
• The Pentagon building has used sensors extnsively
WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK

THANK YOU