COURSE IN CONVERSATIONAL

JAPANESE

MODULE 1
SESSION 7: FUNDAMENTALS OF
JAPANESE GRAMMAR

session 7,8 1
Time words
 Months in Japanese:
Rule: [Numeral]+ gatsu = Name of the month
Eg: ichigatsu - January
shigatsu - April ….. *
shichigatsu- July ….. *
kugatsu - September …..*
juunigatsu - December

session 7,8 2
Time words
 Time in Japanese:
Rule: [Numeral] + ji = ~ o’clock
Eg: ichiji - one o’clock (1:00)
yoji - four o’clock (4:00) …..*
shichiji - seven o’clock (7:00) …..*
kuji - nine o’clock (9:00) …..*
juuniji - twelve o’clock (12:00)
session 7,8 3
Verbs in Japanese - overview
 Sentences in Japanese follow the
structure: subject- object- verb
 Thus sentences in Japanese will end
in a verb (either the auxiliary – desu or
a finite verb)
 Finite verbs end in (~ masu or one of
it’s forms)

session 7,8 4
Verbs in Japanese
Tense Positive Negative
Present/ Future ~ masu ~ masen

Past ~ mashita ~ masendeshita

session 7,8 5
 Verbs in Japanese
 Verbs indicating movement:
 ikimasu - to go
 kimasu - to come
 kaerimasu - to return, to go back

 Verb forms - practicing forms:

 ikimashita - went
 kaerimasen - do not /will not return
 kimasendeshita - did not come
session 7,8 6
 Verbs indicating movement
 Sentence structure:
[Subject] wa [destination] e (verb indicating movement)

Here, we introduce a new particle ‘e’, which is the preposition

‘to’ in English.

 The sentences will be of the type,

 I go to office
 I came to the airport
 I returned back to Tokyo

session 7,8 7
 Verbs indicating movement
 Desinations/ place names

 kaisha - office
 eki - station
 kuukou - airport
 koujou - factory
 ichiba - market
 resutoran - restaurant
 jugyou/ kurasu – class
 uchi - home

 doko - where . . . . (followed by ‘ka’ at the end)

session 7,8 8
 Verbs indicating movement
[Subject] wa [destination] e (verb indicating movement)
 watashi wa kaisha e ikimasu

(I go to office)

 yamamoto san wa nihon e kimasendeshita

(Mr Yamamoto did not come to Japan)

 ken san wa uchi e kaerimashita ka

(Ken, did you go back home?) or (Did Ken go back home?)

 anata wa doko e ikimasu ka

(where are you going?) session 7,8 9
 Verbs indicating movement
 Desinations/ place names

 kaisha - office
 eki - station
 kuukou - airport
 koujou - factory
 ichiba - market
 resutoran - restaurant
 jugyou/ kurasu – class
 uchi - home

 doko - where . . . . (followed by ‘ka’ at the end)

 Make three sentences using the grammar pattern

session 7,8 10
 Time words
 Days of the week:

 getsuyoubi - Monday
 kayoubi - Tuesday
 suiyoubi - Wednesday
 mokuyoubi - Thursday
 kinyoubi - Friday
 doyoubi - Saturday
 nichiyoubi - Sunday
session 7,8 11
 Time words

Day Week Month Year

Last ~ / Previous ~ kinou senshuu sengetsu kyonen

Present~ / This~ kyou konshuu kongetsu kotoshi

Next ~ ashita raishuu raigetsu rainen

Every ~ mainichi maishuu maitsuki maitoshi

session 7,8 12
 Verbs indicating movement
 Desinations/ place names

 kaisha - office
 kuukou - airport
 resutoran - restaurant
 uchi - home
 doko - where . . . . (followed by ‘ka’ at the end)

 Translate the following sentences into Japanese:

 keiko san wa nihon e ikimashita

 anata wa kaisha e ikimashita ka
 nakamura san wa doko e ikimashita ka
 ano hito wa kuukou e ikimasen deshita
 watashi no tomodachi wa indo e kimashita
 moriko san wa uchi e kaerimasensession
deshita
7,8 13
 Verbs indicating movement
 Sentence structure:
[Subject] wa [destination] e (verb indicating movement)
 We add the phrase [Mode of transport/MOT] + de, into the above
construction
 The particle ‘de’, when used after a noun, indicates ‘by’, ‘using’, or
‘with the help of’

 New Sentence structure:

[Subject] wa [MOT] de [destination] e (verb indicating movement)

The sentences will be of the type:

 I go to office by train
 Mr Nakada went to the factory by car
session 7,8 14
 Verbs indicating movement
 Mode of transport

 densha - train
 kuruma/ jidousha - car
 basu - bus
 hikouki - airplane
 chikatetsu - subway
 takushi - cab
 shinkansen- bullet train
 fune - ship
 jitensha - bycicle
 o-tobai - bike
 herikoputa- : helocopter
 sensuikan- submarine

 aruite - walking - - - - * (do not use ‘de’ after aruite)

 nan de – using what? Or How? session 7,8 15
 Verbs indicating movement
 Model Sentences:

 chieko san wa hikouki de nihon e kimashita

 muramatsu san wa basu de uchi e kaerimasu
 honda san wa aruite ichiba e ikimasu
 yan san wa fune de shingapu-ru e ikimashita
 watashi wa kuruma de kaisha e ikimasen.
takushi de ikimasu.
 A: anata wa nan de kuukou e ikimashita ka
B: watashi wa chikatetsu de ikimashita
session 7,8 16
 Verbs indicating movement
 Mode of transport  Desinations/ place names

 densha - train  kaisha - office

 kuruma/ jidousha - car  eki - station
 basu - bus  kuukou - airport
 hikouki - airplane  koujou - factory
 chikatetsu - subway  ichiba - market
 takushi - cab  resutoran - restaurant
 shinkansen- bullet train  jugyou/ kurasu – class
 aruite - walking - - - - * (do not use ‘de’ after
aruite)  uchi - home
 nan de - using what? Or How?

 Make three sentences using the sentence structure

[Subject] wa [MOT] de [destination] e (verb indicating movement)

session 7,8 17
 Verbs indicating movement
 Sentence structure:
[Subject] wa [destination] e (verb indicating movement)
 We add the phrase [person] + to, into the above construction
 The particle ‘to’, when used after a noun, indicates ‘with’, ‘along with’

 New Sentence structure:

[Subject] wa [person] to [destination] e (verb indicating movement)

The sentences will be of the type:

 I went to office with my colleague
 Mr Nakada went to the factory with the company president

session 7,8 18
 Verbs indicating movement
 Nouns that can be used in the category ‘people’

 bijinesu pa-tona- : business partner

 tomodachi - friend
 douryou - colleague
 haha - mother
 chichi - father
 ryoushin - parents
 shachou - company president, (also used in the sense of ‘boss’)
 uketsuke kakari - receptionist

 dare - who

session 7,8 19
Verbs indicating movement
 Model sentences:

 kimura san wa shachou to koujou e

ikimashita
 watashi wa haha to ichiba e ikimashita
 yamamoto san wa douryou to nihon e
kimashita
 yokota san wa tomodachi to basu de uchi e
kaerimashita
session 7,8 20
 Verbs indicating movement
 Nouns that can be used in the category ‘people’

 bijinesu pa-tona- : business partner

 tomodachi - friend
 douryou - colleague
 haha - mother
 chichi - father
 ryoushin - parents
 shachou - company president, (also used in the sense of ‘boss’)
 uketsuke kakari - receptionist

 dare - who

 Make three sentences using the grammar pattern

session 7,8 21
 Verbs indicating movement
 Translate the following into Japanese

 I return home by bus

 Mr Nishibashi came to India with Mr Murasaki
 My friend goes to office by bus. He returns home
by train
 Did you come by that bus?
 How will you return back to Tokyo?
 With whom did you go to America?
session 7,8 22