Community Organization Process

Instructor:
Ms. Marjorie Cartajenas,
RSW
CONCEPT
 The concept of community organization was
developed to involved various organization
and institutions to meet their basic needs of
community people.
 It is a method used to make efforts and
directed towards community needs.
 It develops integration within the community
and helps the people to co-operate with each
other.
 It is a democratic method which believes the
equality of men and women and dignity
provide to individual.
ACCORDING TO ARTHUR
DUNHAM

 CO is a dynamic, pervasive, far reaching

process of bringing about and maintaning
adjustment between social welfare needs
and social welfare resources in a
geographical area or a functional field.
 Phases of the
Community
Organization Process
 Phases of the
CO Process
I.Preparatory Phase
• Social Preparation / Pre-entry
• Integration in the Community
• Social Investigation / Community Study

II. Organization Phase

• Spotting of Potential leader
• Core group formation
• Initial Problems Solving planning with ad hoc
committees
• Formalizing of Community based Organization

III. Consolidation Phase

IV. Evaluation and Termination Phase

 Preparatory Phase of
Community Organization Process
 Learning Objectives
• To know the activities of social worker
during the process of social preparation
or pre-entry

• To learn how to integrate people or with

the people in organizing the community.

• To know the specific objectives of

community study

• To know what specific data should be

gathered in social investigation for deeper
integration.
 Outline
I. Social Preparation / Pre-entry
a. Area of Site Selection
 Criteria
 Methodology

II. Integration in the Community

a. Guidelines for Entry
b. Methodology & Guidelines for Integration

III. Social Investigation / Community Study

a. Specific Objectives of Community Study

b. Data to be Gathered
c. Methodology & Guidelines
 Introduction
Community organization is a process which is continuous
and therefore there are steps or stages being followed
which are divided into phases.

Community organization use of the “barangay” as an existing

political structure, as social worker’s point of entry and
basis for problem identification and prioritizing.
Community Organizers encourage community
participation in which a community mobilizes its
resources, initiates and takes responsibility for its own
development activities and share in decision making and
implementation of all other development programs for
the overall improvement of the community

Community development is the end goal of CO and all other

efforts towards uplifting the status of the poor and
marginalized community.
I. Preparatory Phase

The preparatory phase lays down the

groundwork for community
organizing work. It consists of
institutional preparation, institutional
linkaging, site selection and
validation, gathering of baseline
community data and community
mapping, barangay acceptance of the
program, as well as, the conduct of
the integrated provincial planning
workshops.
 Social Preparation / Pre-
entry
Pre-entry
- is the initial stage of community organizing
process where the community/organizer
looks for communities to serve/ help.
(COPAR)

Activities Include:
• Site Selection
• Identifying Potential Community
• Choosing Final Community
• Identifying Host Family
Area of Site Selection
Criteria:
 The area is relatively economically
depressed
 It must have a relative concentration
of poor people.
 There is no strong resistance from
the community.
 There must be no serious peace and
order problem, not unless,
the situation really calls for it.
 Area of Site Selection
METHODOLOGY:
• Conduct an ocular observation in the area
regarding its socio-economic and political
condition, geography of the area, behavior of
the residents, accessibility of the area.etc

• Conduct informal interviews with residents and

other “key persons”.

• Inquire and coordinate with other local officials,

representatives and/or extension workers of
government and private agencies, and people
from church.

• Collect data from secondary sources like agency

reports, development plans and diaries,
logbooks of extension workers and assessment.
Entry/Integration in the
Community
- A process of establishing rapport with
As athecommunity organizer,
people in a continuing why
effort to
do we need
imbibe to imbibe
community life by living with
community life? the same
them, undergoing
experiences, sharing their hopes,
aspirations and hardships towards
building mutual trust, confidence and
cooperation.
 Guidelines for Entry
in the Community
• Courtesy Calls. Recognition of the role and position of
local authorities by paying them a visit and informing
them of your presence and objectives in the
community.

• Adapt the lifestyle in your personal appearance,

speech and behavior in keeping with that of the
community.

• House Selection. Choose a modest dwelling which is

open and strategic to the target clients in the
community; the family is respected in the community;
not unless it is necessary, no member of the family is a
member of the local authorities.

• Avoid raising expectations by adopting the low key

approach and profile; avoid displaying messianic
complex.
Methodology & Guidelines for Integration
• Participate in direct production of the people.

•Conduct house to house calls or “ground

Why do community
working”.workers
need to integrate themselves
with the people
• Seekinout
theand
community?
converse with the people where
they usually congregates.

• Participate in some social activities/gathering ei:

KBL

• Lend a hand in the household chores

• Show to the people that you love God by

attending mass, fellowship or prayer meeting.
Social Investigation/Community Study

 Is a systematic and scientific process of

collecting, collating, synthesizing and
analyzing data in order to draw a clearer
picture of the community.

 It is a both long process and a stage in

itself.

 Its purpose is to know what really is the

situation or condition of the community
and determine what particular type of
CO activities will the organizer applies in
the community at hand.
 Specific Objectives of Community Study
• To gather on the geographic, economical
political and cultural situation of the
community in order to identify and
understand the problems and issues that
needs immediate and long term solutions;

• To identify the classes and sectors present in

the community in order to determine their
interests and attitudes, problems and issues in
the community.

• To determine the correct approach and

method of organizing.
 Data need to be Gathered:
i. Geographic and Demographic data

ii. Economic System/type of economic

production

iii. Political system decision-making

ty
m uni structure
Com
a
Dat
iv. Social systems

v. Cultural systems/belief
2
and values
010
- 202
0
2000
- 201
0
199
0 - 20
00
1980
- 199
0
 Methodology & Guidelines
A. Interviews

Participation on
Fact Finding People’s Activities
B. Observation

Pure Observation Participant Observation

C. Examination of secondary data
 SPOT MAP

Social Mapping is used to help identify

Spot Maps used dots, colors
households using pre-determined
and other symbols to show the indicators that are based on socio-
economic factors. It can help determine
geographic location of people
which households are benefitting from an
with a specific attributes. assessment and whether or not they
belong to target group.
 REFERENCES
• The Fundamentals of Community
Organization and People
Empowerment – Agrinelda Miclat

• Social Welfare & Social Work – Thelma

Lee Mendoza

Maam, unsaon diay

• https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default Pag conduct ug
/files/PCWS.ITNF-2001-Organizing.pdf Community study?

• Ozamiz CSWD- Social Workers

RSW - Ozamiz
 Y o u
a n k
h
T For
i n g
st e n
L i
II. Organization
Phase
Sub-topic:
• Spotting of Potential leaders
• Core group formation
Spotting of Potential
Leaders
Spotting of Potential Leaders

➜ In the process of integration and

community study, conscious efforts
are made to identify potential leaders.

➜ Potential leaders can assist the

organizer in providing/validating data
about the community and its people.
• The organizers are ready
keeping an eye on a member of
potential members of the
community to be leaders.

• The organizer can assess the

abilities and willingness of each
potential leader to work for
change through their
evolvement in the different
community activities and
mobilization
 a. Criteria for Spotting Potential
Leaders
➜ Belongs to the poor sector and class of the
society and is directly engage in the
production.
➜ Well respected member of the community
and has relatively wide influencer,
➜ Desirous for change is willing to work for
change,
➜ Can find time, conscientious and
resourceful in his work,
 a. Criteria for Spotting Potential
Leaders
➜ Must not be so
talented and
➜ Must be able to intelligent to the
communicate extent that he
effectively consider only his
as superior over
➜ Must have a the other
mass-based ➜ Unless it is
leadership style necessary, he
and plan of must not be an
official in a local
work,
council
Core Group
Formation
a. Definition

➜ It is the laying down of the foundation

of a strong people’s organization
brought about by bringing together
several of the most advance
indigenous leaders to exchange
knowledge and insights towards a
deeper understanding on the dynamics
of the community.
A “Core Group” is made up of 5-7
individuals from the community selected
and recruited by the Community
Organizer (CO) to help facilitate the
formation of the “Community Based
Organization (CBO)”.
b. Functions
➜ Serves as a training ground for democratic
and collective leadership
➜ Helps the organizer gather data for a
community studies, spotting other potential
leaders and prospective members for a
community-wide organization
representative of various sectors, classes,
personalities in the community
➜ Serve as a model to attract other members
of the community
 Importance
➜ The “Core Group” works together with
the Community Organizer (CO) and
provides community leadership towards
the formation of the “Community
Based Organization (CBO)”.
PROCESS

➜ A. The NGO develops criteria for recruiting

“Core Group” members which may include
the following:

Skills

Knowledge

Commitment

Availability

Integrity

Leadership
B. Tasks of Community Organizer (CO)

➜ Observe and talk to people in the community.

➜ -Identify potential “Core Group” members
using criteria.
➜ -Select and recruit 5-7 potential “Core Group”
members. Women should be included.
➜ -Conduct orientation meeting with all “Core
Group” members. Introduce and explain the
work of the NGO. Explain and clarify
responsibilities of “Core Group” members.
➜ the core group represents the most
advance group in the community in
terms of consciousness.

➜ you can initiate a series of meetings

and discussions among the members
of the core group, so they can
exchange knowledge
➜ the core group can then layout the plans and
tasks for establishing a community
organization composed of various sectors of
the community and insights towards a deeper
understanding of the problems, resources and
dynamics of their community.
➜ the core group can then layout the plans and
tasks for establishing a community
organization composed of various sectors of
the community.
 Initial Problems Solving
Planning with ad hoc committees
What is Ad Hoc Committees?

 Ad hoc literally means "for this" in Latin, and in English this

almost always means "for this specific purpose". Issues that
come up in the course of a project often require immediate, ad
hoc solutions. An ad hoc investigating committee is
authorized to look into a matter of limited scope. An ad hoc
ruling by an athletic council is intended to settle a particular
case, and is not meant to serve as a model for later rulings. If
an organization deals with too many things on an ad hoc
basis, it may mean someone hasn't been doing enough
planning.
Purpose of Ad Hoc

 The function of ad hoc committees is to

accomplish specific tasks, often on a short-term
basis not easily provided for elsewhere in the
committee system. Each ad hoc committee has a
particular goal to achieve or product to provide to
its initiating body; when its task is completed, the
committee is dismissed.
Legal Committee

 To look into the legal aspects of the

mining ventures and the actual conditions in the
mining area.
 To recommend measures on how to legally deal
with these reported situations and problems.
 To recommend measures or actions to take for
disco houses, bars and other joints being used as
fronts for prostitutions and drugs trafficking.
Youth Committee

 To formulate a comprehensive and integrated

program and strategies, measures that would
effectively wean the youths away from the
mining industry and other joints that are fronts
for prostitution and drug- related activities.
Livelihood Committee

 To formulate viable livelihood programs that

would attract the participation of the youths,
women and men folk who are risking their lives
in the hazardous mining venture.
Social Service and Health Committee

 To formulate programs and services for the

prevention and rehabilitation of drugs
dependents, prostitute and those with sex-related
diseases with the participation of their families.
Committee on Education

 To formulate measures and strategies in

enlightening the people on the ill effects of drugs,
alcoholism, prostitution and gambling on their
lives and their family life.
 Goals and objectives can only be realized if there
are groups of persons who plan these goals and
objectives, then implement and mentor are
evaluate their implementation.
If the task required is to plan for the attainment of the
community’s goals, a development planning body will
therefore be organized and its members will further be
organized into different committees. Each committee
will plan by sectors on the varied community
concerns.
The following committees are often organized to solve or
plan for the community varied problems and needs.

1. Committee on Health
2. Committee on Livelihood
3. Committee on Education
4. Committee on Youth Affairs
5. Committee on Infrastructure
6. Committee on Peace and Order
7. Committee on Social Services &Disasters
8. Committee on Special Projects
 Sometimes a temporary committee is needed for
a special task as gathering data on the
community’s squatters for the council’s study and
appropriate action. This committee is called ad
hoc committee. As soon as it had completed its
task, the committee is dissolved.
Training,
Ground Working,
Mobilization including
Project Development and
Management
Formation Of Community Organization

Principles
- Maximum Participation of Membership
- Maximum Control of of People
- Collective Leadership
- Simplicity of Structures
- General Assembly (supreme power)
- Council of Leaders (board of directors)
- Executive Committee
- Working Committee
Mobilization
- Activities undertaken by community
organization to solve problem or realize needs of
the community and which serves to build and
strengthen the people’s self confidence and
their collective effort spirit.

- Steps and Guidelines

A. Issue Spotting and Analysis
- It is just, democratic or on moral grounds?
- Can it mobilize the widest possible number of
people?
- Can it assure tactical victory? See to it that
when you deal with issues, select those simple
ones especially if the organization is still at its
earlier stage.
B. Target Analysis

- Zero in one target

- Personify the target
- Look for the target’s vulnerable aspects ( time,
place, likes and dislikes, behaviors manners etc.)
C. Plan of Action
- This plan of action should be enacted in detail prior to the
actual negotiation/confrotnation/action with the use of role
playing.

Role Playing includes concrete and detailed plans of action:

- Who will approach whom;
- Who will be the lead/cue person;
- What will be said;
- Possible responses to possible reactions of the target
Individual/group task responsibilities
Time schedule
Place or venue
Logistic needs
Transportation needed
Target analysis ( mannerisms, attitude, weaknesses,
office and physicial set-up)
D. Implementation
- It is the action stage.

E. Evaluation/Reflection Stage
organizer need to evaluate the following:
- all those factors that leads to the success and failure of
the action stage
- the strengths and weaknesses of the individual
members and the whole group
- the plan for the next mobilization
Strategies/Techniques in mobilization
1. Produce “black and white” in every after a successful
mobilization. White is the documented answer of the
target to the peoples demand.

2. Copy-furnisher-techniques- closely related to black

and white. It is furnishing of true copies of all
documents of agreement from the higher ups in the
government offices and influential addressed to
subordinate officials.
3. Petition/Resolution- acts as pressure to facilitate
response and at the same time provides and official
date for an appointment.

4. Ridiculous/Annoying presence to the target- acts as

pressure; also facilitate response and immediate actions
due to the demand.
Other Consideration in mobilization
process
1. Two key elements:
- people’s participation, being engaged/involved in
the identification, discussion, inplementation and
evaluation of the problem and activities.
- the use of resources, wether human or material,
which are necessary in the solution of a problem.
Resources can be found inside or outside of the
communtiy.
2. The prerequisite of a good mobilization is that
the organization of the people with the people
oriented leadership and a plan of action.

3. The mobilization process, like the whole C.O.

process itself is a continuous process. Even if it
answers a certain problem in the community,
other problems become evident and therefore,
must have to be confronted.
 Phases of the
CO Process (III
and IV)
III. CONSOLIDATION PHASE
- strengthening the Community-based
Organization for sustainability

• Capacity Building Activities/Trainings

- enables the Organization to identify, build and
sustain the targeted capabilities needed to continuously
improve performances and deliver impact
• Development of Vision/Future Directions
- as the Organization nears maturity, it should be able
to determine its long term vision and future directions
• Obtain Legal Status
• Initiation and Management of Barangay projects
- an Organizations should be able to plan, implement monitor and
evaluate its own projects or activities that contribute to the attainment of their
long term goals and directions
- the Organization is also able to mobilizer resources to support its
action plans
IV. Evaluation and Termination
Phase
• Monitoring refers to periodic assessment undertaken
within the implementation period to measure progress.
• Evaluation assesses the degree to which the
implementation of community plans has been
successfully achieved. Both processes are used as
basis for future planning which include changes in the
strategies being adopted.
 Evaluation
- Is a step of CO process that measures the results of
participation in community initiatives, and the effectiveness
of the community based organization so that workers can
have further discussion with community members or give
recommendations for further development.
- This is also the stage where workers have to determine if
the CBO can stand and manage on its own and no longer in
dire need of the organizer’s supervision and management.
 Termination phase
This is the phase when the community organizer already
starts to withdraw from the community because goals
set by the community and the organizer at the start of
the process have been achieved. At this stage, it is
assumed that the community has reached a certain
level of capability with which they can sustain existing
operations, expand or initiate new projects. The
community now takes full responsibility for managing
their resources.
1. In termination phase community organizers will then
gradually turn-over the documents and responsibility in
management of the CBO to the CBO Board of Directors.
2. Organizers will submit a copy of the community study to
the barangay book keeper, and informed the local officials
regarding the turn-over and the workers’ exit in the
community.
3. Workers will conduct a general assembly addressing the
formal community turn-over, highlighting the phasing
out of the community organizer and the autonomy of the
organization from the supporting agency. Workers should
acknowledge the effort of the community members and
thank the key persons in the success of the community
organising.
Note:
It is likely that the community
organizer and the assisting agency will not fully phase
out from the community but simply modify their roles
in the partnership.
Reference

• https://
www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/PCWS.ITNF-2001
-Organizing.pdf
• http://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library.cgi?e=d-00000-00-
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8-00&cl=CL3.18&d=HASHd8b92d1f868a33e9d63b6
1.10&gt=1
“THE
LUNTAYAN
SETTLEMEN
T PROJECT “
Problems/Needs
 PHYSICAL
• There is lack of zonification scheme in the
settlement’s residential area. The market, for example,
is located near the mosque and school. The noise in
the market disturbs the people who are in prayer or
studying in the school.

• The drainage is system is poor so that wether it rains

or not there is the perennial presence of stagnant
water.
 There is also lack of penetration roads
and good road network to enable the
farmers to market their products and to
facilitate mobility and transport.

 The present narrow road within the

settlement does not provide trafic safety.
 ECONOMIC

 While the land in the settlement

is fertile, the production of 40-
110 cavans of rice per hectare is
considered poor produce.This
had been attributed to lack of
farming technology and
irrigation facilities.
 The buluan lake provides the residents a good source of
income. However fishing us monopolized by the few who
own bancas. There is no system of control in fishing at the
lake so that it is feared that sooner or later the fish supply
will be greatly depleted. The fishermen’s catch are sold very
cheap to outside fish traders since the settlement do not
have a cold storage.
 Many residents were seen idle specifically the women. If
hammessed for productive pursuits they would be a potent
force for development. Job opportunities is also wanting in
the settlement.

 There are no credit facilities that could propel growth and

development of the settlement. Establishment of cottage
industries utilizing the raw materials that abound in the area
would be a big economic boost for the settlers.
 SOCIAL

 Many residents expressed their anxiety over the

legal ownership of their farmlands and residential
lots. They claim to have no title yet to these
properties. Ownership would provide the settlers
greater incentive to improve and develop their
lands.
 The lack of political and organized social structures as a
venue for the formulation Of plans, communication and
dicision making had been a great deterrent to the
development of the settlement into a viable community. As
it is, plans for their development are formulated for them
instead of by them or with them due to lack of identified or
elected leaders. A community center to serve as focal point
for community activities is sorely lacking in the settlement.
 The pressing health problem of the settlement is
hygiene and sanitation. There is a prevalence of
gastroenteritis and malaria. These sicknesses have
been attributed to lack of sanitary toilets and poor
health habits of the settlers. Malaria is attributed to
the mosquitoes that abound at the Buluan lake and
stagnant waters in the settlement that has a poor
drainage system. Primary health care is indicated as
well as the assignment of more health personnel to
the area. Herbal gardens for medical needs should
also be encouraged.
 PEACE AND ORDER
 While the military detachment is present in
the settlement to keep the peace and order
thereat, the residents need to be trained to
assume such responsibility in the future.
The creation of a Barangay police task
force for security and peace keeping is
therefore necessary to enculcate self
reliance and people’s participation even in
the matters of security.
PROPOSED POLICY
STATEMENT MODIFICATION
 The settlement should not be an exclusive
settlement for the Muslims. They should be
integrated into the body politic to promote
Muslim/Christian understanding. At jeast 30% of
the settlers should be Christian who are also
displaced families, evacuees and returnees.
Settlers from the middle class group should be
accepted in the settlement to provide community
leadership which is sorely lacking. However they
should not comprise more than 10% of the
population.
PROCESS OF
ZOTO
EXPERIENCE
 Zone One Tondo Organization

 On 21 September 1972, then president Ferdinand

Marcos declared martial law and arrested all
leaders of progressive organizations. Rallies,
protests, demonstration, mass actions and
mobilizations were banned by presidential fiat.
One organization which could not be muzzled
was the Zone one Tondo Organization (ZOTO).
 On 17 November 1972, five thousand members of urban
poor people’s organization Zone One Tondo Organization
(ZOTO) marched to the presidential Palace, Malacanang,
in defiance of the ban on marches and demonstrations.
Their action was provoked by attempts of government
wrecking crews backed by a platoon of marines to
demolish their homes. This was the first mass action that
occurred after the declaration of martial law.
 The march sent the military on red alert. Hundreds of troops
were rushed to Malacanang and several hundreds more were
rushed to Malacanang and several hundreds more were
positioned in strategic places in the city to prevent the marches
from advancing. The people were ordered to stop and disperse
by Gen. Prospero Olivas, METROCOM (Metropolitan
Command) commander. The people stopped, unable to against
the mounting in justices across the land.