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Lect 1 Intro To Photo

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Lect 1 Intro To Photo

Uploaded by

ieiman482
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Photogrammetry
Lecture 1
Ms. Saba Javed
Photogrammetry
The Photogrammetry: has been derived from the three Greek words
Photos: means light
Gramma: means something drawn or written
Metron: means to measure

Photogrammetry is defined as science of obtaining reliable


measurement, using photographs, in order to determine the
characteristics such as size, shape and position of
photographed objects
Principle of photogrammetry
Cameras may be held or mounted, and photographs may be taken by a
photographer, triggered remotely or triggered automatically.
Platform for aerial photography include:
 Fixed beam aircrafts
 Helicopters
 Balloons
 Rockets, kites, parachutes.
The use of photography for accurate measurement is called
photogrammetry.
Requirement of photogrammetry:
• Planning and taking the photograph
• Processing the photographs
• Measuring the photographs
• Reducing the measurements
• Producing the end results such as points coordinate or map.
Types of photogrammetry
• Quantitative: Determination of ground positions, distance
elevation areas, volume and various types of map
• Qualitative: Identify the objects
Definitions
• Remote Photogrammetry: ”The science or art of obtaining reliable
measurements by means of photographs.”
• ”Photogrammetry is the art, science, and technology of obtaining
reliable information about physical objects and the environment
through the processes of recording, measuring, and interpreting
photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant energy
and other phenomena.”
• Analog Photogrammetry: Using optical, mechanical and electronical
components, and where the images are hardcopies. Re-creates a 3D
model for measurements in 3D space.
Relationships of the Mapping Sciences as they relate to
Mathematics and Logic, and the Physical, Biological, and
Social Sciences
History of Aerial Photography
• Origin of Remote Sensing
• Remote sensing began with
aerial photography
• First photographs taken in
1839
Histor
y
History
Why Photogrammetry
• Extracting geometrical
information and producing
maps.
• Cheaper than terrestrial
methods.
• Extracting
qualitative
information.
• High speed of map
generation.
Why Photogrammetry
Ideal technology when measuring objects such as
 Vast regions to be mapped
 Irregular shapes and
 Objects that are too
Hot or cold
Soft
Delicate
Inaccessible
Toxic
Radioactive to touch
Photogrammetric products
• Planimetric maps:
Planimetric elements in geography are those features that are independent
of elevation, such as roads, building footprints, and rivers and lakes. They are
represented on two-dimensional maps as they are seen from the air, or in
aerial photography. These features are often digitized from orthorectified
aerial photography into data layers that can be used in analysis and
cartographic outputs.
• Topographic maps:
A type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative
representation of relief, using contour lines. Traditional definitions require a
topographic map to show both natural and man-made features. A
topographic map is typically published as a map series.
Photogrammetric products
3D points
• LiDAR has become the technology of choice
for deriving highly accurate terrain data and
3D models, and it is commonly used for a
variety of mapping applications.
General Flow
Photogrammetric Types
Photogrammetric Types from Applications Point of View (d is distance
from camera to object)
• Close Range Photogrammetry d<10 m
• Terrestrial Photogrammetry 10 m<d<100 m
• Aerial Photogrammetry 2 km<d<10 km
• Space Photogrammetry 30 km<d
Close Range Photogrammetry Terrestrial Photogrammetry
Aerial Photogrammetry
Space Photogrammetry
Types of photographs (categorized by tilt)
• Vertical - camera axis as nearly vertical as Possible
• Oblique - camera axis intentionally tilted
 Low Oblique
 High Oblique
Vertical Aerial Photogrammetry
Low
Oblique
High
Oblique
Taking Vertical Aerial Photographs
Aerial Photography – Stereo
pair
Over lap Side Overlap (Side Lap)
Taking Vertical Aerial Photographs
• Position of camera at each exposure called exposure station
• Flying height - altitude of camera
• Adjacent flight strips overlap - side overlap
• Block of photos - photos of 2 or more side lapping strips
Text book
Thank
You

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