DIGITAL COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT
NYQUIST’S CRITERION FOR DISTORTIONLESS
BASEBAND BINARY TRANSMISSION
DONE BY
L AVA N YA B
7 2 0 7 2 11 0 6 0 5 9
BASEBAND TRANSMISSION
PAM signal transmitted is given by
V(t) is basic pulse, normalized so that V(0) = 1,
x(t) represents realization of random process X(t) and ak is sample value ofrandom
variable ak which depends on type of line codes.
The receiving filter output
The output pulse μ P(t) is obtained because input signal ak .V(t)
is passed through series of systems with transfer functions
HT(f), HC(f), HR(f).
Therefore μ P(f) = V(f). HT(f).HC(f).HR(f)
The receiving filter output y(t) is sampled at ti = iTb. where i
takes intervals i = ±1, ±2 . .
Nyquist Pulse Shaping Criterion
In detection process received pulse stream is detected by
sampling at intervals ±KTb, then in detection process we will
get desired output. This demands sample of ith transmitted
pulse in pulse stream at Kth sampling interval should be
If received pulse P(t) satisfy this condition in time domain,
then y(ti) = μai
NYQUIST’S IDEAL DISTORTIONLESS CHANNEL
Ideal Solution
Ideal Nyquist filter that achieves best spectral efficiency and
avoids ISI is designed to have bandwidth as suggested
B0 = 1/2Tb (Nyquist bandwidth) = Rb/2
ISI is minimized by controlling P(t) in time domain or P(f) to be rectangular
function in frequency domain.
Practical solution
To design raised cosine filter which has transfer function
consists of a flat portion and a roll off portion which is of
sinusoidal form.
Bandwidth Bo=1/2Tb is an adjustable value between Bo and
2Bo.
The frequency f1 and bandwidth Bo are related by
Transmission bandwidth required can be obtained from the relation
B = 2Bo- f1
