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OS Comparative

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Salman Ahmad
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10 views

OS Comparative

Uploaded by

Salman Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System And Network

Administration
Content
 What is Linux
 Why Linux
 The Linux system
 Security
 OS Comparison
What is Linux
 Linux is a true 32 bit UNIX-like OS developed originally for home PCs, but now it
runs on a variety of platforms including PowerPC, Macintosh, Amiga, DEC Alpha,
Sun Sparc, ARM, and many others.

 The source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Linux was created by Linus
Torvalds in 1991, and it has been developed with the help of many programmers across
the Internet.

 Now it has evolved into a very functional, powerful and usable clone of Unix which
has at least 10 million users worldwide.
Why Linux
 A Linux Distribution has thousands of dollars worth of
software for no cost.
 Linux is a complete operating system:
◦ stable - the crash of an application is much less likely
to bring down the OS under Linux.
◦ Reliable - Linux servers are often up for hundreds of
days compared with the regular reboots required with a
Windows system.
◦ extremely powerful
 Linux provides a complete development environment.
Why Linux (continued)
 Excellent networking facilities
 Ideal environment to run servers such as a web server, or an ftp server.
 A wide variety of commercial software is available if not satisfied by the free
software
 Easily upgradeable.
 Supports multiple processors.
 True multi-tasking, multi-user OS.
 An excellent window system called X, the equivalent of Windows but much
more flexible.
 Full source code is provided and free.
The Linux System
 The Linux system excel in many area, ranging from
end user concerns such as stability, speed, ease of
use, to serious concerns such as development and
networking.

◦ Linux kernel
◦ Linux networking
◦ Linux file system
Linux Kernel

 The kernel is the central nervous system of Linux, include


OS code which runs the whole computer. It provides
resources to all other programs that you run under Linux,
and manages all other programs as they run.
◦ The kernel includes the code that performs certain
specialized tasks, including TCP/IP networking.

◦ The kernel design is modular, so that the actual OS code


is very small to be able to load when it needs, and then
free the memory afterwards, thus the kernel remains
small and fast and highly extensible.
Linux Networking
 Networking comes naturally to Linux. In a real
sense, Linux is a product of the Internet or World
Wide Web (www).
 Linux is made for networking. Probably all
networking protocols in use on the Internet are
native to Unix and/or Linux. A large part of the Web
is running on Linux boxes, e.g. : AOL
Networking protocols
 The Linux kernel supports several networking protocols:
 TCP/IP - Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
 IP is the primary network protocol supported by
Linux
 IPX - Internetwork Packet Exchange
 Applettalk DDP
 Amateur Radio AX.25 Level 2
Supported Features
 Forwarding
 Firewall operations
 Proxy and Masquerading
 Accounting
 Tunneling and Intranets
 Aliasing
Linux File System
 Linux has an hierarchical, unified file system
 Supports 256-character filenames.

 All command line entries are case sensitive.

 Use the slash(/) rather than the backslash(\) you


have been using in DOS.
Types of File
 Ordinary files
 text files
 data files
 command text files
 executable files
 Directories
 Links
 rather than having multiple copies of a file, Linux uses
linking to one file to save disk space.
 Special device files
Security
 Encryption

 Secure shell(ssh)

 Principles of security
Encryption
 Encryption commonly used to secure data. It is the ancient
technique of hiding information in plain sight. Include:

 strong encryption - is stronger than the 40-bit encryption


maximum that can be exported from the United States under
U.S. law.

 Public-key Encryption - is a type of asymmetric encryption,


which is a system that you encrypt your message with one
key, and the recipient decrypts it with a mathematically
related, but different key.
The Secure Shell(ssh)

 The ssh and its tools use strong encryption


to allow remotely located systems to
exchange data securely.

 By using strong encryption, ssh


significantly enhances the security of both
the authentication process and the session
itself.
Principles of security
 Two broad categories of attack exist:
 unauthorized access
 denial of service
 Defense against the attacks:
 enforce the use of password
 use TCP wrappers to limit which resources are made
available to which categories of users.
 monitor internal users, protect your organization against
unauthorized or inappropriate use of the computer
facilities to harass personnel.
Linux VS Unix
 Linux is free, but Unix is not.

 Unix is compatible with Linux at the system call


level, meaning most programs written for either
Unix or Linux can be recompiled to run on the
other system with a minimum of work.

 But Linux will run faster than Unix on the same


hardware.
Linux VS MS Windows
 Both offer some of the graphics capabilities and
include some networking capabilities. But Linux
networking is excellent.

 Linux is multi-user, multi-tasking, but Microsoft


Windows doesn’t support it.
Any Question?

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