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31 views17 pages

Kedir PPTX

Uploaded by

lemmademe204
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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• DEPARTEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

• A SEMINAR REVIEW ON DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD


FOOD SECURITY IN ETHIOPIA
• PREPARED BY:
• KEDIR ABDURI TUNE ID No UGR/12170/14

• ADVISOR: Mr.DEGEFU KEBEDE (M.Sc)


JUNE/ 5/2024
ASELLA, ETHIOPIA
Presentation outline

1. Introduction
Objectives of the seminar
Significance of the seminar
2. Review of Literature
Theoretical perspectives on Food Security
3. Conclusion and recommendation
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Definition of Food Security:
• Access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for an active and healthy
life.
• Combines low food intake, unpredictable food exposure, and
susceptibility to shocks.
Global Food Insecurity Statistics:
• Chronic food deficiency increased from 720 million in 2019 to 811 million
Ethiopia's Economic and Food Security Situation
Economic Growth: Annual growth of eleven percent for the past five years.
Economic Status: Least-developed, low-income, food-deficit country.
• GDP per capita of US$472, lower than sub-Saharan African average.

Food Insecurity in Ethiopia: 23 million people have inadequate income to


meet their food needs.
Factors Contributing to Food Insecurity:
• Risk of crop failure in certain regions.
• Gap between food production and consumption due to agricultural
slowdown.
Prioritization of Food Security Study:
• High priority given by researchers, planners, donors, and international
organizations due to deepening food crises.
• Food insecurity remains a significant challenge to economic
development despite efforts made by governments and international
organizations.
Significance of the seminar
• Importance of Studying Determinants of Household Food Insecurity

• Provides crucial information for improving food security status.


Role of Improvement Practitioners and Policy Makers:
• Enhances understanding of intervention strategies in rural areas.

Role of Agriculture in National Food Security:


• Contribution of domestic food production reduces dependence on
imports.
National Food Security Goal in Ethiopia:
• Aim for food self-sufficiency through agricultural development programs.
• Social Benefits of Improved Domestic Food Production:
• Reduced dependence on food imports.
Objective of the seminar
General objective of the seminar
 To review the determinants of households food security in Ethiopia

Specific objective
 To review on Causes of food insecurity in Ethiopia
 To review on Indicators of food insecurity Ethiopia
 To review on Challenges in achieving food security in Ethiopia.
 To review coping mechanism and Policy options to minimize food
insecurity in Ethiopia
CHAPTER TWO
Review on Determinants of Household Food Security in Ethiopia
Food Security Conceptual Understandings and Definitions
Definition of Food Security: Access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food
for an active and healthy life.
World Bank Definition: Access by all people to enough food for an active,
healthy life.
:Evolution of Food Security Concept: Definition varies but emphasizes
access to adequate food for all.
cont...
Maxwell and Frankenberger's Perspective: Emphasizes the balance
between vulnerability, risk, and insurance.

Concepts and Definitions of Food Insecurity


"Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods
or limited, or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially
acceptable ways" (FAO).
Further Definition of Food Insecurity: A situation where someone
cannot reliably get the food and/or nutritional requirements they need to
survive and thrive.
Food Availability Decline Approach: Famine or food
shortage due to aggregate decline in food supply.
Criticism: Focuses only on supply side, neglects demand
side (income, purchasing power), and vulnerability
differences.
Types of Food Insecurity

 High Food Security:  Transitory Food Insecurity:


 Marginal Food Security:  Seasonal Food Insecurity:
 Low Food Security:
 Chronic Food Insecurity:
 Very Low Food Security:
Factors Causing Food Insecurity:
• Population Growth: The Malthusian theory suggests that human population growth
outstrips land resources.In Ethiopia, rapid population growth has strained agricultural
land and productivity.
• Natural Factors: Drought, climate change, and flooding disrupt food production,
particularly in rain-fed agricultural areas.
• Economic Factors: Land size, access to credit, livestock holdings, and income affect
food security status.
• Socio-cultural Factors: Gender divisions of labor, eating habits, and cultural
ceremonies influence food security.
• Institutional Factors: Poor infrastructure, including roads and health services, limits
Indicators of Food Insecurity
 Food insecurity assessment considers socio-economic, environmental,
and political factors.
 Indicators range from qualitative to quantitative measurements.
 Process indicators reflect food supply and access, while outcome
indicators measure food consumption and storage.
 Choice of indicators depends on study goals, resource constraints, and
level of accuracy required.
 Agricultural production, resource access, institutional development, and
market infrastructures are key supply indicators.
Challenges in Achieving Food Security in Ethiopia
 Misconception of food insecurity as solely a poverty issue, leading to
insufficient focus on food security interventions.
 Tradeoffs between achieving self-sufficiency through domestic production
and reliance on external aid for immediate relief.
 Inappropriate institutions and policies that prioritize better-off areas,
leaving vulnerable populations at a disadvantage.
 Lack of data to support effective policy formulation and implementation.
Coping Mechanisms of Food Insecurity
 Coping mechanisms are strategies used by households to meet their
food and recovery needs in times of crisis.
 Mechanisms include purchasing grains, borrowing money, reducing
meal size, and engaging in off-farm jobs.
 Four main types of coping techniques: altering the diet, increasing food
sources through unsustainable means, reducing the number of people
fed, and rationing available food.
 Diversifying livelihoods, intercropping, and seasonal migration are also
common coping mechanisms used by households.
Policy Preferences to Minimize Food Insecurity
• Policies should focus on enhancing regional rade, improving access to
natural resources, and encouraging private investments.
• Strategies to eliminate hunger include strentgthening productivity and
incomes, maximizing linkages, and providing direct access to food.
• Other strategies include supporting rural organizations, promoting primary
health care and education, and implementing targeted conditional cash
transfers.
CONCLUSION
• Understanding the causes and determinants of household food security is
crucial for effective policy making.
• Food insecurity is a significant issue facing both settled and pastoral
households in Ethiopia.
• Temporary food insecurity occurs due to unforeseen circumstances, while
seasonal food insecurity has a regular pattern.
• Food insecurity is dynamic, varying based on duration, severity, and local
socioeconomic and environmental conditions.
• Both chronic and transitory food insecurity are widespread issues in
Ethiopia.
RECOMMENDATION
• Improve understanding of food system interactions at local, regional, and
global levels.
• Address mismatches between current institutions' capacity to manage
food security and environmental goals.
• Focus on improving food safety and quality to reduce food losses and
enhance utilization.
• Raise awareness about the impacts of increasing population growth and
consumption patterns on sustainable ecosystems.
• Boost domestic food production and implement efficient food marketing
systems.
• Prioritize agricultural growth, particularly in food crops and livestock, to
ensure food security.

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