Electric Circuits and Networks (ELEC 10007.

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Unit 1:
Basic Circuit Analysis
 Disclaimer
The PowerPoint presentations of the Module (ELEC 10007) (Electric Circuits and
Networks) are created merely to guide me during the delivery of this module in my class.
The content included in the slides are only indicative to remind me the sequence which I
will be following during the delivery. The content presented in the slides is free from any
plagiarism and copyright violations and wherever needed appropriate
referencing/citations have been provided.
In addition to the content in this PowerPoint presentations, I will also be verbally
delivering other important content in the class as well as also writing on the board, some
information related to the topic being covered wherever necessary.
The student is therefore advised to refer to the text books, reference books and any
supplementary materials recommended in the Module Information Guide (MIG) or in the
PowerPoint presentations for complete understanding of the topic.

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 Learning outcomes

Upon completing this unit, students should be able to:

• Define the basic mathematical and physical concepts of circuit analysis and
demonstrate nodal and mesh analysis techniques in analysing dc and ac
electrical circuits;
• Translate network theorems and reduction techniques learned to solve
electrical circuits;
• Outline the transient response of series and parallel circuits; and
• State the concepts of power analysis, resonance and network topology.
• Discuss the knowledge obtained in electric circuits by using simulation
software and discrete components.
• Demonstrate awareness to health and safety measures while working with
electronic equipment.
 Direct Current and
Alternating Current

(Anon., n.d.)
 Resistance
-Resistance is the opposition offered by a substance to the
flow of electric current

Ohm’s Law
- the ratio of potential difference (V) between the ends of a
conductor to the current (I) flowing between them is constant,
provided the temperature does not change.

V
 constant  R V
I I
R

(Anon., n.d.)
 Ohm’s Law

Resistors in Series

is the circuit in which the resistances are connected end to-

end so that there is only one path for current to flow
R1 R2 R3

V1 V2 V3
I
I

RT  R1  R2  R 3

(Anon., n.d.)
 Voltage Division

VT
VN = R N x R
T

:Problems

Calculate the potential difference across each resistor by using

voltage division. Three resistors of 50 kΩ, 30 kΩ and 20 kΩ are
.connected in series to a supply voltage of 200 V

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 Resistors in Parallel

when one end of each resistance is joined to a common point and the other end -
of each resistance is joined to another common point

I1 R1

I2 R2 1 1 1 1
R3
  
I3 RT R1 R2 R3
I I

(Hayt 2012)

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 Current Division

R1  R2 
I1 I1  IT  
R
 1  R2
R2
I2
IT  R1 
IT I 2  I T  
 R1  R2 

(Hayt 2012)

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 Kirchhoff’s Laws

These laws are used to solve complex circuits.

Complex circuits are those in which there is more than one

EMF in the circuit or the resistors are connected in a
complex manner.

So simplification cannot be done by series and parallel

circuit rules and Ohm’s law cannot be applied.

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 Two Kirchhoff’s laws

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

It states that, the algebraic sum of the currents
meeting at a junction in an electrical circuit is zero.
This law is also known as the Junction Rule.
A junction is that point in an electrical circuit where three or more
circuit elements meet.

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 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

It states that, in any closed electrical circuit or mesh, the

algebraic sum of all the electromotive forces (EMFs) and
voltage drops in resistors is equal to zero.

This law is also known as mesh rule or loop rule.

In any closed circuit or mesh:
Algebraic sum of EMFs + Algebraic sum of voltage drops = 0
Sign Convention
Proper signs are to be assigned to EMFs and voltage drops across
resistances in the closed circuit.
A rise in potential is considered positive and fall in potential
is considered negative.
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 Mesh Analysis

-uses Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) in solving circuits.

Mesh is a loop that does not contain any other loops

within it.

Mesh current is a current that flows only around the

perimeter of a mesh.

If a circuit contains M meshes, then there will be M currents

and M independent equations.

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 :Problems

Find and

(Alexander 2013)

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 :Problems

Determine the current through each resistor .

(Alexander 2013)

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 References:

Charles K Alexander, M.N.O.S. (2013), in fundamentals of Electric Circuits, 5th

edition, United states of America: Mc Graw Hill.

Hayt , W. & Kemmerly, J. E., 2012. Engineering Circuit Analysis. [Online]

Available at: https://archive.org/details/HaytEngineeringCircuitAnalysis8th
[Accessed 9 October 2018].

www. basic-circuit-analysis/p/itmdyu4p3v687ead