Basic First Aid
CHAPTER 1
Anatomy And Patient
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
The urgent need to treat life-threatening situations
makes it the responsibility of everyone to be able to
give proper emergency care until the victim is
transported to a medical facility.
First aid does not replace the physician, but it protects
the victim until medical assistance can be obtained.
One of the first principles of first aid is to obtain
medical assistance in all cases of serious injury. Even
minor on-the-job injuries should be reported and
examined by a physician if necessary.
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
When first aid is properly given ,it can often restore
natural breathing and circulation, control bleeding,
reduce the severity of shock, protect injuries from
infection or other complications and help conserve
the victim’s strength. Practicing these steps will
greatly improve the victim’s chances of recovery.
The principal aims of first aid are to:
1. Care for life-threatening complications.
2. Protect from further injury and complications.
3. Arrange transportation for the victim to a medical facility in
such a manner as not to complicate the injury or subject the
victim to unnecessary discomfort.
4. Make the victim as comfortable as possible to conserve
strength.
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
First aid training is an essential means of promoting
safety, reducing accidents and saving lives. First
aiders must take charge of a situation, keep calm
while working under pressure, and organize others
to do likewise. By demonstrating competence and
using well-selected words of encouragement, first
aiders should win the confidence of others nearby
and do everything possible to reassure the
apprehensive victim.
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
Importance Of First Aid
People should be trained to care for injuries to themselves
and others at home, at work, or in the community. This
training knowledge should impress the employee of the
need for personal safety. Since even trivial injuries are
potentially serious, everyone should know the proper steps
to prevent complications. There is a particular need for first
aid training in the mineral industries because medical
treatment is not immediately available at mining sites. In
certain cases only a person who is nearby and has first aid
training can prevent a fatality.
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
Cont ….
During the first few minutes following. An injury, the
injured worker has a better chance of receiving
proper care if there are a number of employees
trained in first aid. All employees should be able to
give effective assistance until the injured person
receives professional medical care
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
Cont ….
Experience has shown that training all workers,
supervisors and officials in first aid classes where
they meet and learn on a common basis develops
a spirit of mutual protections and regard for
everyone’s well-being. An individual trained in first
aid is someone special to his/her fellow workers
Securing the scene
Before performing any First Aid,
Check for:
• 1. Electrical hazards
• 2. Chemical hazards
• 3. Noxious & Toxic gases
• 4. Ground hazards
• 5. Fire
• 6. Unstable equipment
Chain of Survival
In order for a person to survive:
Early Early CPR Early Early
Access”911” or First Aid Defibrillation Advanced
You Care
EMS on
Pay attention to: scene Hospital
HISTORY; what happened; from the casualty or bystanders
SYMPTOMS; what only the casualty can tell you
SIGNS; what you can see for yourself
Universal Precautions for Airborne
& Bloodborn Pathogens
HIV & Hepatitis
Gloves & Respiratory
Barrier devise are a must to
prevent transmission of
diseases
Tuberculosis
DURING TREATMENT
avoid coughing, breathing, or speaking over the
wound
avoid contact with body fluids
use a face shield or mask with one-way-valve
when doing active resuscitation
use only clean bandages and dressings
avoid treating more than one casualty without
washing hands and changing gloves
AFTER TREATMENT
clean up both casualty and yourself
clean up the immediate vicinity
dispose of dressings, bandages, gloves and
soiled clothing correctly
wash hands with soap and water
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
The following list is the sequence to follow when
administering first aid. Life threatening injuries
must be treated first
1. Patient Assessment
2. Artificial Ventilation
3. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
4. Control of Bleeding, Shock
5. Wounds and Dressings
6. Burns and Scalds
7. Musculoskeletal Injuries
8. Handling and Transportation
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
Anatomy Of The Human Body
To understand first aid procedures and to give
effective first aid, it is a must to know something
about the anatomy (structure) and physiology
(functions) of the human body. The body
consists of solids (bones and tissues) and fluids
(blood and the secretions of various glands,
organs and membranes)
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient
Cont ….
The principal regions of the body are the head,
neck, chest, abdomen, and the upper and lower
extremities. Refer to the upper extremity from
one shoulder to the elbow as the upper arm or
simply the aim, and the portion from the elbow
to the wrist as the forearm; the portion of the
lower extremity from the hip to the knee as the
thigh and the portion from the knee to the ankle
as the leg.
1. First Aid
Lesson Menu
Chapter 1-Anatomy And Patient Assessment
Chapter 2-Artificial Ventilation
Chapter 3-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Chapter 4-Control Of Bleeding
Chapter 5-Shock
Chapter 6-Wounds And Dressings
Chapter 7-Burns And Scalds
Chapter 8-Musculoskeletal Injuries
Chapter 9-Handling And Transportation
